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- Subfossil_lemur abstract "Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago (during the late Pleistocene) to approximately 560 years ago. They include both living and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs. The diversity of subfossil lemur communities was greater than that of present-day lemur communities, ranging from as high as 20 or more species per location, compared with 10 to 12 species today. Extinct species are estimated to have ranged in size from slightly over 10 kg (22 lb) to roughly 160 kg (350 lb). Even the subfossil remains of living species are larger and more robust than the skeletal remains of modern specimens. The subfossil sites found around most of the island demonstrate that most giant lemurs had wide distributions and that ranges of living species have contracted significantly since the arrival of humans.Despite their size, the giant lemurs shared many features with living lemurs, including rapid development, poor day vision, relatively small brains, and lack of male dominance. They also had many distinct traits among lemurs, including a tendency to rely on terrestrial locomotion, slow climbing, and suspension instead of leaping, as well as a greater dependence on leaf-eating and seed predation. The giant lemurs likely filled ecological niches now left vacant, particularly seed dispersal for plants with large seeds. There were three distinct families of giant lemur, including the Palaeopropithecidae (sloth lemurs), Megaladapidae (koala lemurs), and Archaeolemuridae (monkey lemurs). Two other types were more closely related and similar in appearance to living lemurs: the giant aye-aye and Pachylemur, a genus of "giant ruffed lemurs".Subfossil remains were first discovered on Madagascar in the 1860s, but giant lemur species were not formally described until the 1890s. The paleontological interest sparked by the initial discoveries resulted in an overabundance of new species names, the allocation of bones to the wrong species, and inaccurate reconstructions during the early 20th century. Discoveries waned during the mid-20th century, although paleontological work resumed in the 1980s and resulted in the discovery of new species and a new genus. Research has recently focused on diets, lifestyle, social behavior, and other aspects of biology. The remains of the subfossil lemurs are relatively recent, with all or most species dating within the last 2,000 years. Humans first arrived on Madagascar around that time and likely played a role in the demise of the lemurs and the other megafauna that once existed on the large island. Although hunting and habitat change have been investigated as the primary cause of their extinction, a mosaic of complex interactions between multiple factors is now seen as the ultimate cause of their disappearance. Yet oral traditions and recent sightings by Malagasy villagers are still reported, suggesting either lingering populations or very recent extinctions.".
- Subfossil_lemur thumbnail Palaeopropithecus_ingens.jpg?width=300.
- Subfossil_lemur wikiPageID "27653365".
- Subfossil_lemur wikiPageRevisionID "633975635".
- Subfossil_lemur align "center".
- Subfossil_lemur align "left".
- Subfossil_lemur align "right".
- Subfossil_lemur alt "A full-body, right side profile of giant lemur walking on all four feet, with a bushy tail head up in the air. The head has a long snout compared to a monkey, but on par with that of a lemur.".
- Subfossil_lemur alt "A giant lemur walks on all four feet, with a dark tail held low. The head has a short snout .".
- Subfossil_lemur alt "A large, furry lemur sits in the "V" of a tree and clings to the tree limb like a koala, with its arms wrapped around. It has a long snout, prehensile upper lip, and divergent eyes.".
- Subfossil_lemur alt "A large, hairy creature stands upright in a tree, holding the trunk for support while grabbing food with its right hand. It has big ears, long snout, and a human-like appearance.".
- Subfossil_lemur book "Lemurs".
- Subfossil_lemur book "Subfossil lemurs".
- Subfossil_lemur colwidth "30".
- Subfossil_lemur commons "y".
- Subfossil_lemur commonsSearch "Category:Subfossil lemurs".
- Subfossil_lemur direction "vertical".
- Subfossil_lemur footer "Early depictions of subfossil lemurs, such as this one of Megaladapis madagascariensis from 1902, were based on inaccurate reconstructions due to confused pairing of skeletal remains. Modern reconstructions, such as this one of M. edwardsi , are much more accurate.".
- Subfossil_lemur footer "Monkey lemurs, such as Hadropithecus stenognathus and Archaeolemur edwardsi , were the most terrestrial of the lemurs.".
- Subfossil_lemur hasPhotoCollection Subfossil_lemur.
- Subfossil_lemur image "Archaeolemur edwardsi.jpg".
- Subfossil_lemur image "F John Series 2 Megaladapis.jpg".
- Subfossil_lemur image "Hadropithecus stenognathus.jpg".
- Subfossil_lemur image "Megaladapis.jpg".
- Subfossil_lemur portal "Madagascar".
- Subfossil_lemur portal "Primates".
- Subfossil_lemur sign "Étienne de Flacourt".
- Subfossil_lemur source "Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar, 1658".
- Subfossil_lemur text "An animal as big as a two-year-old calf, with a round head and a human face: the front feet are monkeylike, and the rear ones as well. It has frizzy hair, a short tail, and humanlike ears. ... One has been seen near Lake Lipomami, around which it lives. It is a very solitary animal; the local people fear it greatly and flee from it as it does from them.".
- Subfossil_lemur title "Subfossil lemur phylogeny".
- Subfossil_lemur width "200".
- Subfossil_lemur subject Category:Subfossil_lemurs.
- Subfossil_lemur type Animal100015388.
- Subfossil_lemur type Chordate101466257.
- Subfossil_lemur type Lemur102496913.
- Subfossil_lemur type LivingThing100004258.
- Subfossil_lemur type Mammal101861778.
- Subfossil_lemur type Object100002684.
- Subfossil_lemur type Organism100004475.
- Subfossil_lemur type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Subfossil_lemur type Placental101886756.
- Subfossil_lemur type Primate102469914.
- Subfossil_lemur type SubfossilLemurs.
- Subfossil_lemur type Vertebrate101471682.
- Subfossil_lemur type Whole100003553.
- Subfossil_lemur type Thing.
- Subfossil_lemur comment "Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago (during the late Pleistocene) to approximately 560 years ago. They include both living and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs.".
- Subfossil_lemur label "Lèmur subfòssil".
- Subfossil_lemur label "Lémurien subfossile".
- Subfossil_lemur label "Subfossil lemur".
- Subfossil_lemur label "Субфоссильные лемуры".
- Subfossil_lemur seeAlso Quaternary_extinction_event.
- Subfossil_lemur sameAs Lémurien_subfossile.
- Subfossil_lemur sameAs m.0c40ds8.
- Subfossil_lemur sameAs Q2086758.
- Subfossil_lemur sameAs Q2086758.
- Subfossil_lemur sameAs Subfossil_lemur.
- Subfossil_lemur wasDerivedFrom Subfossil_lemur?oldid=633975635.
- Subfossil_lemur depiction Palaeopropithecus_ingens.jpg.
- Subfossil_lemur isPrimaryTopicOf Subfossil_lemur.