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• Songhai_Empire abstract "The Songhai Empire, also spelled as the Songhay Empire, was a Songhai state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak the empire was one of the largest in both Islamic and African history. The empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai people, the ruling elite in the empire. Sonni Ali established Gao as the capital of the empire, although a Songhai state had existed in and around Gao since the 11th century. Other important cities in the empire were Timbuktu and Djenné, conquered in 1468 and 1475 respectively, where urban-centered trade flourished. Initially, the empire was ruled by the Sonni dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced by the Askiya dynasty (1493–1591).During the second half of the 13th century, Gao and the surrounding region had grown into an important trading center and attracted the interest of the expanding Mali Empire. Mali conquered Gao towards the end of the 13th century and would remain under Malian hegemony until the late 14th century. But as the Mali Empire started to disintegrate, the Songhai reasserted control of Gao. Songhai rulers subsequently took advantage of the weakened Mali Empire to expand Songhai rule. Under the rule of Sonni Ali, the Songhai surpassed the Malian Empire in area, wealth, and power, absorbing vast areas of the Mali Empire and reached its greatest extent. His son and successor, Sonni Bāru (1492–1493), was a less successful ruler of the empire, and as such was overthrown by Muhammad Ture, one of his father's generals. He was later called Askia (1493–1528) and instituted political and economic reforms throughout the empire during his reign.A series of plots and coups by Askia's successors forced the empire into a period of decline and instability. Askia's relatives attempted to govern the empire, but political chaos and several civil wars within the empire ensured the empire's continued decline, particularly during the ruthless rule of Askia Ishaq I (1539–1549). However, the empire experienced a period of stability and a string of military successes during the reign of Askia Daoud (1549–1582/1583). Ahmad al-Mansur, the Moroccan sultan at the time, demanded tax revenues from the empire's salt mines. Askia Daoud responded by sending a large quantity of gold as gift in an attempt to appease the sultan. Askia Ishaq II (1588–1591) ascended to power in a long dynastic struggle following the death of Askia Daoud. He would be the last ruler of the empire. In 1590, al-Mansur took advantage of the recent civil strife in the empire and sent an army under the command of Judar Pasha to conquer the Songhai and to gain control of the Trans-Saharan trade routes. After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Tondibi (1591), the Songhai Empire collapsed. The Dendi Kingdom succeeded the empire as the continuation of Songhai culture and society.".
• Songhai_Empire thumbnail Songhai_Empire_(orthographic_projection).svg?width=300.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageExternalLink books?id=FX5UGiFsmbEC&pg=PA199.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageExternalLink www.africankingdoms.com.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageExternalLink 4chapter4.shtml.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageExternalLink acjavol1no1dagleish.pdf.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageExternalLink 36.
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageID "588220".
• Songhai_Empire wikiPageRevisionID "645828587".
• Songhai_Empire capital Gao.
• Songhai_Empire commonLanguages Songhay_languages.
• Songhai_Empire commonName "Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire continent "Africa".
• Songhai_Empire conventionalLongName "Songhai Empire".
• Songhai_Empire country "Mali".
• Songhai_Empire currency Cowry.
• Songhai_Empire dateEvent "1468".
• Songhai_Empire dateEvent "1493".
• Songhai_Empire datePost "1592".
• Songhai_Empire era "Postclassical Era".
• Songhai_Empire event "Askiya Dynasty begins".
• Songhai_Empire event "Sunni Dynasty begins".
• Songhai_Empire eventEnd "Songhai Empire falls".
• Songhai_Empire eventPost "Dendi Kingdom continues".
• Songhai_Empire eventPre "Songhai state emerges at Gao".
• Songhai_Empire eventStart "independence from Mali Empire".
• Songhai_Empire flagS "Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg".
• Songhai_Empire governmentType Empire.
• Songhai_Empire hasPhotoCollection Songhai_Empire.
• Songhai_Empire imageMap "Songhai Empire .svg".
• Songhai_Empire imageMapCaption "The territorial extent of the Songhai Empire in .".
• Songhai_Empire leader Askia_Ishaq_I.
• Songhai_Empire leader Askia_Ishaq_II.
• Songhai_Empire leader Askia_Mohammad_Benkan.
• Songhai_Empire leader Askia_Mohammad_I.
• Songhai_Empire leader Askia_Musa.
• Songhai_Empire leader Sonni_Ali.
• Songhai_Empire leader Sonni_Baru.
• Songhai_Empire leader "Askia Daoud".
• Songhai_Empire leader "Askiya Ismail".
• Songhai_Empire leader "Askiya Muhammad".
• Songhai_Empire leader "Askiya Muhammed Bani".
• Songhai_Empire nativeName "Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire p "Mali Empire".
• Songhai_Empire region "North-West Africa".
• Songhai_Empire s "Dendi Kingdom".
• Songhai_Empire s "Saadi dynasty".
• Songhai_Empire statArea "1400000".
• Songhai_Empire statArea "800000".
• Songhai_Empire statYear "1500".
• Songhai_Empire statYear "1550".
• Songhai_Empire status "Empire".
• Songhai_Empire titleLeader "Dia".
• Songhai_Empire yearEnd "1591".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1464".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1492".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1493".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1529".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1531".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1537".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1539".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1549".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1582".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1586".
• Songhai_Empire yearLeader "1588".
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:1591_disestablishments.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:Ancient_peoples.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:Former_empires_of_Africa.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:History_of_Africa.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:History_of_Azawad.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:Songhai_Empire.
• Songhai_Empire subject Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_14th_century.
• Songhai_Empire type AdministrativeDistrict108491826.
• Songhai_Empire type Country108544813.
• Songhai_Empire type District108552138.
• Songhai_Empire type Domain108556491.
• Songhai_Empire type Empire108557482.
• Songhai_Empire type FormerEmpires.
• Songhai_Empire type Location100027167.
• Songhai_Empire type Object100002684.
• Songhai_Empire type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Songhai_Empire type Region108630985.
• Songhai_Empire type StatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedInThe14thCentury.
• Songhai_Empire type YagoGeoEntity.
• Songhai_Empire type YagoLegalActorGeo.
• Songhai_Empire type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Songhai_Empire type Country.
• Songhai_Empire type Location_Underspecified.
• Songhai_Empire type PopulatedPlace.
• Songhai_Empire comment "The Songhai Empire, also spelled as the Songhay Empire, was a Songhai state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak the empire was one of the largest in both Islamic and African history. The empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai people, the ruling elite in the empire. Sonni Ali established Gao as the capital of the empire, although a Songhai state had existed in and around Gao since the 11th century.".
• Songhai_Empire label "Empire songhaï".
• Songhai_Empire label "Imperi Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire label "Imperio songhai".
• Songhai_Empire label "Impero Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire label "Império Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire label "Kekaisaran Songhai".
• Songhai_Empire label "Songhai Empire".
• Songhai_Empire label "Songhai Inperioa".
• Songhai_Empire label "Songhai-rijk".
• Songhai_Empire label "Songhaireich".

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