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- Red_River_Bridge_War abstract "The Bridge War, also called the Red River Bridge War or the Toll Bridge War, was a 1931 bloodless boundary conflict between the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Texas over an existing toll bridge and a new free bridge crossing the Red River.The Red River Bridge Company, a private firm owned by Benjamin Colbert, had been operating a toll bridge between Durant, Oklahoma and Denison, Texas, carrying U.S. Route 69 and U.S. Route 75. Texas and Oklahoma had jointly built a new, free span northwest of the existing toll bridge. On July 10, 1931, the Red River Bridge Company obtained an injunction against the Texas Highway Commission (now Texas Department of Transportation), keeping them from opening the new bridge. The company said that the highway commission had promised in July 1930 to buy the old toll bridge for $60,000, equal to $847,052 today. In reaction to the injunction, the Governor of Texas, Ross S. Sterling, ordered that the new free bridge be barricaded from the Texas end.On July 16, Oklahoma governor "Alfalfa Bill" Murray ordered the new bridge open, by executive order. Murray issued this order on the grounds that the land on both sides of the river belonged to Oklahoma, per the Louisiana Purchase treaty of 1803. Murray sent highway crews across the new bridge to destroy the barricades.Governor Sterling sent Adjutant General William Warren Sterling and three Texas Rangers to the new bridge to defend the Texas Highway Commission workers enforcing the injunction and rebuild the barricade that night. The next day, Oklahoma crews under Governor Murray's order demolished the Oklahoma approach to the toll bridge, rendering that bridge impassable. The Texas state legislature called a special session on July 23 to pass a bill allowing the Red River Bridge Company to sue the state over the issue, partially in response to meetings in Sherman and Denison, Texas, demanding the free bridge be opened. The next day, Governor Murray declared martial law at the site, enforced by Oklahoma National Guardsmen, and appeared at the site armed with a revolver, hours before a Muskogee, Oklahoma court issued an injunction prohibiting him from blocking the northern toll bridge approach. Murray directed the guardsmen to allow anyone to cross either bridge.Murray discovered on July 27 that the free bridge was in danger of being closed permanently. He expanded the martial-law zone across the river, stationing guardsmen on both free bridge approaches. The injunction against the bridge opening was dissolved and the martial law order rescinded on August 6. News of the dispute made national and international headlines. Adolf Hitler may have believed that the events was evidence of in-fighting between the American states, weakening the union.The free bridge that was the cause of the dispute was opened on Labor Day, September 7, 1931. It was replaced in 1995, though a portion of the bridge was saved as a historical attraction and relocated to a park in Colbert, Oklahoma.".
- Red_River_Bridge_War causalties "None".
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander Edgar_E._Witt.
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander Robert_Burns_(Oklahoma_politician).
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander Ross_S._Sterling.
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander William_H._Murray.
- Red_River_Bridge_War result "Decisive Oklahoman Victory".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Oklahoma Air National Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Oklahoma Army National Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Texas Air National Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Texas Army National Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Texas Ranger Division".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "*Texas State Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "Oklahoma National Guard".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength "Texas Military Forces".
- Red_River_Bridge_War wikiPageExternalLink okmaps.
- Red_River_Bridge_War wikiPageExternalLink 07-16-003.html.
- Red_River_Bridge_War wikiPageExternalLink mgr2.html.
- Red_River_Bridge_War wikiPageID "1842281".
- Red_River_Bridge_War wikiPageRevisionID "642980803".
- Red_River_Bridge_War casualties "None".
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander "Edgar E. Witt".
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander "Robert Burns".
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander "Ross S. Sterling".
- Red_River_Bridge_War commander "William H. Murray".
- Red_River_Bridge_War conflict "Red River Bridge War".
- Red_River_Bridge_War date "1931".
- Red_River_Bridge_War hasPhotoCollection Red_River_Bridge_War.
- Red_River_Bridge_War place "Texas-Oklahoma border".
- Red_River_Bridge_War result "Decisive Oklahoman Victory".
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Oklahoma_Air_National_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Oklahoma_Army_National_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Oklahoma_National_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Texas_Air_National_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Texas_Army_National_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Texas_Military_Forces.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Texas_Ranger_Division.
- Red_River_Bridge_War strength Texas_State_Guard.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:1931_in_Oklahoma.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:1931_in_Texas.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Battles_and_conflicts_without_fatalities.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Bridges_in_Oklahoma.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Bridges_in_Texas.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Former_toll_bridges_in_Oklahoma.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Former_toll_bridges_in_Texas.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:History_of_Oklahoma.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:History_of_Texas.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Internal_territorial_disputes_of_the_United_States.
- Red_River_Bridge_War subject Category:Internal_wars_of_the_United_States.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Artifact100021939.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Bridge102898711.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type BridgesInOklahoma.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type BridgesInTexas.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type BridgesInTheUnitedStates.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Object100002684.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Structure104341686.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Whole100003553.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type YagoGeoEntity.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Event.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type MilitaryConflict.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type SocietalEvent.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Event.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Thing.
- Red_River_Bridge_War type Q1656682.
- Red_River_Bridge_War comment "The Bridge War, also called the Red River Bridge War or the Toll Bridge War, was a 1931 bloodless boundary conflict between the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Texas over an existing toll bridge and a new free bridge crossing the Red River.The Red River Bridge Company, a private firm owned by Benjamin Colbert, had been operating a toll bridge between Durant, Oklahoma and Denison, Texas, carrying U.S. Route 69 and U.S. Route 75.".
- Red_River_Bridge_War label "Red River Bridge War".
- Red_River_Bridge_War sameAs m.0606m8.
- Red_River_Bridge_War sameAs Q7304835.
- Red_River_Bridge_War sameAs Q7304835.
- Red_River_Bridge_War sameAs Red_River_Bridge_War.
- Red_River_Bridge_War wasDerivedFrom Red_River_Bridge_War?oldid=642980803.
- Red_River_Bridge_War isPrimaryTopicOf Red_River_Bridge_War.
- Red_River_Bridge_War name "Red River Bridge War".