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- Reactive_attachment_disorder abstract "Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is described in clinical literature as a severe and relatively uncommon disorder that can affect children. RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts. It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the "inhibited form"—or can present itself as indiscriminate sociability, such as excessive familiarity with relative strangers—known as the "disinhibited form". The term is used in both the World Health Organization's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and in the DSM-IV-TR, the revised fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). In ICD-10, the inhibited form is called RAD, and the disinhibited form is called "disinhibited attachment disorder", or "DAD". In the DSM, both forms are called RAD; for ease of reference, this article will follow that convention and refer to both forms as reactive attachment disorder.DSM-V, the fifth revised edition published in 2013, separates RAD into two separate disorders: Reactive Attachment Disorder (previously referred to as the "inhibited" form), and Social Engagement Disorder.RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood. Such a failure could result from severe early experiences of neglect, abuse, abrupt separation from caregivers between the ages of six months and three years, frequent change of caregivers, or a lack of caregiver responsiveness to a child's communicative efforts. Not all, or even a majority of such experiences, result in the disorder. It is differentiated from pervasive developmental disorder or developmental delay and from possibly comorbid conditions such as intellectual disability, all of which can affect attachment behavior. The criteria for a diagnosis of a reactive attachment disorder are very different from the criteria used in assessment or categorization of attachment styles such as insecure or disorganized attachment.Children with RAD are presumed to have grossly disturbed internal working models of relationships which may lead to interpersonal and behavioral difficulties in later life. There are few studies of long-term effects, and there is a lack of clarity about the presentation of the disorder beyond the age of five years. However, the opening of orphanages in Eastern Europe following the end of the Cold War in the early-1990s provided opportunities for research on infants and toddlers brought up in very deprived conditions. Such research broadened the understanding of the prevalence, causes, mechanism and assessment of disorders of attachment and led to efforts from the late-1990s onwards to develop treatment and prevention programs and better methods of assessment. Mainstream theorists in the field have proposed that a broader range of conditions arising from problems with attachment should be defined beyond current classifications.Mainstream treatment and prevention programs that target RAD and other problematic early attachment behaviors are based on attachment theory and concentrate on increasing the responsiveness and sensitivity of the caregiver, or if that is not possible, placing the child with a different caregiver. Most such strategies are in the process of being evaluated. Mainstream practitioners and theorists have presented significant criticism of the diagnosis and treatment of alleged reactive attachment disorder or attachment disorder within the controversial field commonly known as attachment therapy. Attachment therapy has a scientifically unsupported theoretical base and uses diagnostic criteria or symptom lists unrelated to criteria under ICD-10 or DSM-IV-TR, or to attachment behaviors. A range of treatment approaches are used in attachment therapy, some of which are physically and psychologically coercive, and considered to be antithetical to attachment theory.".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder icd10 "F94.1,F94.2".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder icd9 "313.89".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder meshId "D019962".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder thumbnail Mother-Child_face_to_face.jpg?width=300.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder wikiPageID "740176".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder wikiPageRevisionID "639761945".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder caption "Children need sensitive and responsive caregivers to develop secure attachments. RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood.".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder emedicinesubj "ped".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder emedicinetopic "2646".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder expiry "2015-05-14".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder hasPhotoCollection Reactive_attachment_disorder.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder icd "313.89".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder icd "F94.1, F94.2".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder meshid "D019962".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder name "Reactive attachment disorder".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder small "yes".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder wordnet_type synset-disease-noun-1.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Adoption,_fostering,_orphan_care_and_displacement.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Attachment_theory.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Borderline_personality_disorder.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Emotional_and_behavioral_disorders_in_childhood_and_adolescence.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Human_development.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Psychiatric_diagnosis.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder subject Category:Trauma_and_stressor_related_disorders.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Abstraction100002137.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Attribute100024264.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Condition113920835.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Disease114070360.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type IllHealth114052046.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Illness114061805.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type PathologicalState114051917.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type PhysicalCondition114034177.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type State100024720.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Disease.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Medicine.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type AilmentCondition.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Thing.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder type Q12136.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder comment "Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is described in clinical literature as a severe and relatively uncommon disorder that can affect children. RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts.".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Bindungsstörung".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Reactieve hechtingsstoornis".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Reactive attachment disorder".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Reaktywne zaburzenia przywiązania w dzieciństwie".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Trastorno reactivo del apego".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Trouble réactionnel de l'attachement de l'enfance".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "Реактивное расстройство привязанности".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "反応性愛着障害".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder label "반응성 애착 장애".
- Reactive_attachment_disorder seeAlso Attachment_measures.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder seeAlso Attachment_theory.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Bindungsstörung.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Trastorno_reactivo_del_apego.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Trouble_réactionnel_de_l'attachement_de_l'enfance.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs 反応性愛着障害.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs 반응성_애착_장애.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Reactieve_hechtingsstoornis.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Reaktywne_zaburzenia_przywiązania_w_dzieciństwie.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs m.037b5_.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Q1329584.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Q1329584.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder sameAs Reactive_attachment_disorder.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder wasDerivedFrom Reactive_attachment_disorder?oldid=639761945.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder depiction Mother-Child_face_to_face.jpg.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder isPrimaryTopicOf Reactive_attachment_disorder.
- Reactive_attachment_disorder name "Reactive attachment disorder".