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- Cryolite abstract "Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once large deposit at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, depleted by 1987.It was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore). The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s). Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and it can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis. Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but it is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves. Now, as natural cryolite is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0. It is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water; thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.Cryolite has also been reported at Pikes Peak, Colorado; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec; and at Miass, Russia. It is also known in small quantities in Brazil, the Czech Republic, Namibia, Norway, Ukraine, and several American states.Cryolite was first described in 1799 from a deposit of it in Ivigtut and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland. The name is derived from the Greek language words cryò = chill, and lithòs = stone. The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of cryolite to make caustic soda at its Natrona, Pennsylvania works during the 19th and 20th centuries.".
- Cryolite thumbnail 816-_Ivigtut_-_cryolite.jpg?width=300.
- Cryolite wikiPageExternalLink 97.
- Cryolite wikiPageID "193308".
- Cryolite wikiPageRevisionID "610673842".
- Cryolite 2v "43".
- Cryolite birefringence "δ = 0.001".
- Cryolite boxwidth "24".
- Cryolite caption "Cryolite from Ivigtut Greenland".
- Cryolite category "Halide Mineral".
- Cryolite cleavage "None observed".
- Cryolite color "Colorless to white, also brownish, reddish and rarely black".
- Cryolite dana "11.6".
- Cryolite diaphaneity "Transparent to translucent".
- Cryolite dispersion "r < v".
- Cryolite formula "Na3AlF6".
- Cryolite fracture "Uneven".
- Cryolite gravity "2.95".
- Cryolite habit "Usually massive, coarsely granular. The rare crystals are equant and pseudocubic".
- Cryolite hasPhotoCollection Cryolite.
- Cryolite luster "Vitreous to greasy, pearly on {001}".
- Cryolite melt "1012.0".
- Cryolite mohs "2.5".
- Cryolite molweight "209.9".
- Cryolite name "Cryolite".
- Cryolite opticalprop "Biaxial".
- Cryolite other "Weakly thermoluminescent. Small clear fragments become nearly invisible when placed in water, since its refractive index is close to that of water. May fluoresce intense yellow under SWUV, with yellow phosphorescence, and pale yellow phosphorescence under LWUV. Not radioactive.".
- Cryolite refractive "nα = 1.3385–1.339, nβ = 1.3389–1.339, nγ = 1.3396–1.34".
- Cryolite solubility "Soluble in AlCl3 solution, soluble in H2SO4 with the evolution of HF, which is poisonous. Insoluble in water.".
- Cryolite streak "White".
- Cryolite strunz "3".
- Cryolite symmetry "Monoclinic 2/m".
- Cryolite system "Monoclinic 2/m".
- Cryolite tenacity "Brittle".
- Cryolite twinning "Very common, often repeated or polysynthetic with simultaneous occurrence of several twin laws".
- Cryolite unitCell "a = 7.7564 Å, b = 5.5959 Å, c = 5.4024 Å; β = 90.18°; Z = 2".
- Cryolite subject Category:Aluminium_minerals.
- Cryolite subject Category:Halide_minerals.
- Cryolite subject Category:History_of_Greenland.
- Cryolite subject Category:Monoclinic_minerals.
- Cryolite subject Category:Natural_history_of_Greenland.
- Cryolite subject Category:Pyrotechnic_colorants.
- Cryolite subject Category:Sodium_minerals.
- Cryolite type ChemicalSubstance.
- Cryolite type Mineral.
- Cryolite type ChemicalObject.
- Cryolite type Thing.
- Cryolite type Q7946.
- Cryolite comment "Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once large deposit at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, depleted by 1987.It was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).".
- Cryolite label "Criolita".
- Cryolite label "Criolita".
- Cryolite label "Criolita".
- Cryolite label "Criolite (minerale)".
- Cryolite label "Cryolite".
- Cryolite label "Cryolite".
- Cryolite label "Kriolit".
- Cryolite label "Kryoliet".
- Cryolite label "Kryolit".
- Cryolite label "Kryolith".
- Cryolite label "Криолит".
- Cryolite label "氷晶石".
- Cryolite sameAs Kryolit.
- Cryolite sameAs Kryolith.
- Cryolite sameAs Κρυόλιθος.
- Cryolite sameAs Criolita.
- Cryolite sameAs Cryolite.
- Cryolite sameAs Criolite_(minerale).
- Cryolite sameAs 氷晶石.
- Cryolite sameAs Kryoliet.
- Cryolite sameAs Kriolit.
- Cryolite sameAs Criolita.
- Cryolite sameAs m.01bfzl.
- Cryolite sameAs Q193502.
- Cryolite sameAs Q193502.
- Cryolite wasDerivedFrom Cryolite?oldid=610673842.
- Cryolite depiction 816-_Ivigtut_-_cryolite.jpg.
- Cryolite isPrimaryTopicOf Cryolite.
- Cryolite name "Cryolite".