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- Crow_Creek_massacre abstract "The Crow Creek massacre occurred around 1325 AD between Indian groups at a site along the Missouri River in the South Dakota area; it is now within the Crow Creek Indian Reservation. Crow Creek Site, the site of the massacre near Chamberlain, is an archaeological site and a U.S. National Historic Landmark, located at co-ordinates 43°58′48″N 99°19′54″W. Two groups occupied the site in prehistoric times. The Siouan-speaking Middle Missouri people (Initial Middle Missouri variant), ancestral to the historic Mandan people, first occupied the site sometime after about 900 AD. They built numerous earth lodges on the lower portion of the site. Caddoan-speaking Central Plains people (Initial Coalescent variant) moved into the area from southern areas (present-day Nebraska) sometime around 1150 AD. (The historic Arikara are a Caddoan people.) Whether they displaced the earlier group or moved onto an abandoned site is unknown. The Central Plains (Initial Coalescent) people built at least 55 lodges, mostly on the upper part of the site. There is no direct evidence that there was conflict between the two groups, and scholars have found evidence that both cultures changed gradually in relation to the other. There is evidence that the Central Plains/Initial Coalescent villagers built well-planned defensive works for its village. They were replacing an earlier dry moat fortification by a new fortification ditch around the expanded village when an attack occurred that resulted in the massacre. The attacking group killed all the villagers. Archaeologists from the University of South Dakota, directed by project director Larry J. Zimmerman, field director Thomas Emerson, and osteologist P. Willey found the remains of at least 486 people killed during the attack. Most of these remains showed signs of ritual mutilation, particularly scalping. Other examples were tongues being removed, teeth broken, beheading, hands and feet being cut off, and other forms of dismemberment. In addition to the severity of the attack, most of the people showed signs of malnutrition and many had evidence of being wounded in other attacks. This evidence has suggested to scholars that lives of people of the Initial Coalescent culture were under more stress than was thought; they have theorized that the people were attacked by another group or several groups of the Initial Coalescent culture in the area in competition for arable land and resources.(Zimmerman and Bradley 1993:216)".
- Crow_Creek_massacre added "1966-10-15".
- Crow_Creek_massacre governingBody United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers.
- Crow_Creek_massacre nearestCity Chamberlain,_South_Dakota.
- Crow_Creek_massacre nrhpReferenceNumber "66000710".
- Crow_Creek_massacre thumbnail Crow_Creek_Site.jpg?width=300.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageExternalLink 4%2018%202011%20Ashley%20Kendell.pdf?sequence=1.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageExternalLink crowcreek.html.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageExternalLink 25669191.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageExternalLink 0201_0122.html.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageID "950778".
- Crow_Creek_massacre wikiPageRevisionID "642684899".
- Crow_Creek_massacre yearOfConstruction "1100".
- Crow_Creek_massacre added "1966-10-15".
- Crow_Creek_massacre built "1100".
- Crow_Creek_massacre caption "Aerial view of the site".
- Crow_Creek_massacre designatedNrhpType "1964-07-19".
- Crow_Creek_massacre governingBody United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers.
- Crow_Creek_massacre hasPhotoCollection Crow_Creek_massacre.
- Crow_Creek_massacre locmapin "South Dakota".
- Crow_Creek_massacre name "Crow Creek Site".
- Crow_Creek_massacre nearestCity Chamberlain,_South_Dakota.
- Crow_Creek_massacre nrhpType "nhl".
- Crow_Creek_massacre refnum "66000710".
- Crow_Creek_massacre wordnet_type synset-location-noun-1.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:14th-century_conflicts.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:Archaeological_sites_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_South_Dakota.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:Massacres_by_Native_Americans.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:Massacres_of_Native_Americans.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:National_Historic_Landmarks_in_South_Dakota.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:Native_American_archeology.
- Crow_Creek_massacre subject Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_South_Dakota.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type 14th-centuryConflicts.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Abstraction100002137.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Act100030358.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Action100037396.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Change100191142.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type ChangeOfState100199130.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Conflict100958896.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Event100029378.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type GroupAction101080366.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Homicide100220023.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Killing100219012.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type MassacresByNativeAmericans.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type MassacresOfNativeAmericans.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Murder100220522.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Slaughter100223983.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Termination100209943.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type ArchitecturalStructure.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Building.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Place.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Location.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Place.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Place.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Thing.
- Crow_Creek_massacre type Q41176.
- Crow_Creek_massacre comment "The Crow Creek massacre occurred around 1325 AD between Indian groups at a site along the Missouri River in the South Dakota area; it is now within the Crow Creek Indian Reservation. Crow Creek Site, the site of the massacre near Chamberlain, is an archaeological site and a U.S. National Historic Landmark, located at co-ordinates 43°58′48″N 99°19′54″W. Two groups occupied the site in prehistoric times.".
- Crow_Creek_massacre label "Crow Creek massacre".
- Crow_Creek_massacre label "Кроу-Крикская резня".
- Crow_Creek_massacre sameAs m.03sqw8.
- Crow_Creek_massacre sameAs Q4241801.
- Crow_Creek_massacre sameAs Q4241801.
- Crow_Creek_massacre sameAs Crow_Creek_massacre.
- Crow_Creek_massacre wasDerivedFrom Crow_Creek_massacre?oldid=642684899.
- Crow_Creek_massacre depiction Crow_Creek_Site.jpg.
- Crow_Creek_massacre isPrimaryTopicOf Crow_Creek_massacre.
- Crow_Creek_massacre name "Crow Creek Site".