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- Cold_War abstract "The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common. It was termed as "cold" because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars in Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan that the two sides supported. The Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences: the former being a single-party Marxist–Leninist state, and the latter being a capitalist state with generally free elections. A self-proclaimed neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement founded by Egypt, India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia; this faction rejected association with either the US-led West or the Soviet-led East. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat but they each armed heavily in preparation of a possible all-out nuclear world war. Each side had a nuclear deterrent that deterred an attack by the other side, on the basis that such an attack would lead to total destruction of the attacker: the doctrine of mutually assured destruction or MAD. Aside from the development of the two sides' nuclear arsenals, and deployment of conventional military forces, the struggle for dominance was expressed via proxy wars around the globe, psychological warfare, propaganda and espionage, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.The first phase of the Cold War began in the first two years after the end of the Second World War in 1945. The USSR consolidated its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc while the United States began a strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power, extending military and financial aid to the countries of Western Europe (for example, supporting the anti-Communist side in the Greek Civil War) and creating the NATO alliance. The Berlin Blockade (1948–49) was the first major crisis of the Cold War.With victory of the Communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War (1950–53), the conflict expanded. The USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America and decolonizing states of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Meanwhile the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was stopped by the Soviets. The expansion and escalation sparked more crises, such as the Suez Crisis (1956), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Following this last crisis a new phase began that saw the Sino-Soviet split complicate relations within the Communist sphere while US allies, particularly France, demonstrated greater independence of action. The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia and the Vietnam War (1955–1975) ended with a defeat of the US-backed Republic of South Vietnam, prompting further adjustments.By the 1970s both sides had become interested in accommodations to create a more stable and predictable international system, inaugurating a period of détente that saw Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the US opening relations with the People's Republic of China as a strategic counterweight to the Soviet Union. Détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the Soviet war in Afghanistan beginning in 1979.The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension, with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), and the "Able Archer" NATO military exercises (1983). The United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ("reorganization", 1987) and glasnost ("openness", ca. 1985) and ended Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland. Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully (with the exception of the Romanian Revolution) overthrew all of the Communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse of Communist regimes in other countries such as Mongolia, Cambodia and South Yemen. The United States remained as the world's only superpower.The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy, and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage (such as the internationally successful James Bond film series) and the threat of nuclear warfare.".
- Cold_War thumbnail Berlinermauer.jpg?width=300.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink Arms+Race.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink coldwarfiles.org.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink aerial_intelligence.html.
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- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink topic---cold-war-culture-the-nuclear-fear-of-the-1950s-and-1960s.html.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink www.conelrad.com.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink www.cybertrn.demon.co.uk.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink Forums.aspx?f=2009.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink Cold%20War%20and%20Nuclear%20Arms%20Race.pdf.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink 128mimi.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink cold-war-international-history-project.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink NSAEBB.
- Cold_War wikiPageExternalLink e119.pdf.
- Cold_War wikiPageID "325329".
- Cold_War wikiPageRevisionID "645386359".
- Cold_War hasPhotoCollection Cold_War.
- Cold_War label "the Cold War".
- Cold_War onlinebooks "yes".
- Cold_War subject Category:20th-century_conflicts.
- Cold_War subject Category:Aftermath_of_World_War_II.
- Cold_War subject Category:Cold_War.
- Cold_War subject Category:Geopolitical_rivalry.
- Cold_War subject Category:Global_conflicts.
- Cold_War subject Category:International_relations.
- Cold_War subject Category:Nuclear_warfare.
- Cold_War subject Category:Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations.
- Cold_War subject Category:Wars_involving_NATO.
- Cold_War subject Category:Wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union.
- Cold_War subject Category:Wars_involving_the_United_States.
- Cold_War type Thing.
- Cold_War comment "The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common.".
- Cold_War label "Cold War".
- Cold_War label "Gerra Hotza".
- Cold_War label "Guerra Freda".
- Cold_War label "Guerra Fria".
- Cold_War label "Guerra Fría".
- Cold_War label "Guerra fredda".
- Cold_War label "Guerre froide".
- Cold_War label "Hidegháború".
- Cold_War label "Kalter Krieg".
- Cold_War label "Koude Oorlog".
- Cold_War label "Perang Dingin".
- Cold_War label "Soğuk Savaş".
- Cold_War label "Studená válka".
- Cold_War label "Zimna wojna".
- Cold_War label "Студена война".
- Cold_War label "Холодная война".
- Cold_War label "冷戦".
- Cold_War label "냉전".
- Cold_War seeAlso United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965–66).
- Cold_War sameAs Studená_válka.
- Cold_War sameAs Kalter_Krieg.
- Cold_War sameAs Ψυχρός_πόλεμος.
- Cold_War sameAs Guerra_Fría.
- Cold_War sameAs Gerra_Hotza.
- Cold_War sameAs Guerre_froide.
- Cold_War sameAs Perang_Dingin.
- Cold_War sameAs Guerra_fredda.
- Cold_War sameAs 冷戦.
- Cold_War sameAs 냉전.
- Cold_War sameAs Koude_Oorlog.
- Cold_War sameAs Zimna_wojna.
- Cold_War sameAs Guerra_Fria.
- Cold_War sameAs m.01w1sx.
- Cold_War sameAs Q8683.
- Cold_War sameAs Q8683.
- Cold_War wasDerivedFrom Cold_War?oldid=645386359.
- Cold_War depiction Berlinermauer.jpg.
- Cold_War isPrimaryTopicOf Cold_War.