Matches in DBpedia 2015-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caffeine> ?p ?o }
- Caffeine abstract "Caffeine (/kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn, ˈkæfiːɪn/) is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and thus closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a small number of plants native to South America. The most well known source of caffeine is the seed (commonly incorrectly referred to as the "bean") of the Coffea arabica coffee plant. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to increase one's energy level. Caffeine is extracted from the plant part containing it for making beverages by steeping it in water, a process called infusion. These beverages are very popular: in North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily.Caffeine is a psychological stimulant. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. Part of the reason caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) is that toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than the typically used doses of under 500 milligrams per day: an over twentyfold difference. A cup (7 ounces) of coffee contains 80–175 mg. of caffeine, depending on what "bean" (seed) is used and how it is prepared: by drip, percolation, or espresso. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is to reversibly block the action of adenosine on its receptor, which blocks the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates selected portions of the autonomic nervous system.Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can be used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity, and to prevent apnea of prematurity: caffeine citrate was placed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in 2007. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. One meta-analysis concluded that cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease and stroke is less likely with 3–5 cups of coffee per day but more likely with over 5 cups per day. Some people experience insomnia or sleep disruption if they consume caffeine, especially during the evening hours, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit consumption to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Mild physical dependence can occur with chronic caffeine use and is associated with withdrawal symptoms such as headaches and irritability. Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use).Caffeine confers a survival advantage on the plant containing it in three ways. First, if it is ingested by an insect feeding on and potentially damaging or killing the plant, caffeine functions as a natural pesticide which can paralyze and kill the insect. Second, droppings from the plant infuse the surrounding soil with caffeine, inhibiting the growth of and potentially killing competing seedlings, including its own progeny and itself. Third, caffeine can enhance the reward memory of pollinators such as honey bees, thus increasing the numbers of its progeny.".
- Caffeine bioavailability "99.0".
- Caffeine thumbnail Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg?width=300.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink Caffeine.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink 43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink neng0405.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU21.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU22.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink AN01211.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink mv_caffeine.htm.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
- Caffeine wikiPageID "6868".
- Caffeine wikiPageRevisionID "645507060".
- Caffeine addictionLiability "None".
- Caffeine align "center".
- Caffeine alt "Caffeine molecule".
- Caffeine alt "Synthesis diagram".
- Caffeine atcPrefix "N06B".
- Caffeine atcSuffix "1.0".
- Caffeine bioavailability "99.0".
- Caffeine c "8".
- Caffeine caption "Caffeine biosynthesis".
- Caffeine caption "Caffeine laboratory synthesis".
- Caffeine casNumber "58".
- Caffeine chebi "27732".
- Caffeine chembl "113".
- Caffeine chemspiderid "2424".
- Caffeine date "January 2014".
- Caffeine density "1.23".
- Caffeine dependencyLiability "Physical: Low–moderate".
- Caffeine dependencyLiability "Psychological: Trivial".
- Caffeine direction "horizontal".
- Caffeine drugbank "DB00201".
- Caffeine eliminationHalfLife "25200.0".
- Caffeine eliminationHalfLife "468000.0".
- Caffeine excretion "urine".
- Caffeine h "10".
- Caffeine hasPhotoCollection Caffeine.
- Caffeine image "Caffeine 3D ball.png".
- Caffeine image "Caffeine biosynthesis.tif".
- Caffeine image "Caffeine synthesis.tif".
- Caffeine inchi "1".
- Caffeine inchikey "RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYAW".
- Caffeine iupacName "137".
- Caffeine iupharLigand "407".
- Caffeine kegg "D00528".
- Caffeine legalAu "unscheduled".
- Caffeine legalCa "OTC".
- Caffeine legalStatus "(UN:) Uncontrolled".
- Caffeine legalUk "GSL".
- Caffeine legalUs "OTC".
- Caffeine meltingHigh "238".
- Caffeine meltingPoint "235".
- Caffeine metabolism "Minor: CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9".
- Caffeine metabolism "Primary: CYP1A2".
- Caffeine molecularWeight "194.19".
- Caffeine n "4".
- Caffeine o "2".
- Caffeine onset "2700.0".
- Caffeine pdbLigand "CFF".
- Caffeine pregnancyAu "A".
- Caffeine pregnancyUs "C".
- Caffeine proteinBound "25".
- Caffeine pubchem "2519".
- Caffeine reason "Which is this—a book or a journal? If a book, which page? If a journal, a link can help verify this.".
- Caffeine routesOfAdministration Coffee_enema.
- Caffeine routesOfAdministration Insufflation_(medicine).
- Caffeine routesOfAdministration Intravenous_therapy.
- Caffeine routesOfAdministration Oral_administration.
- Caffeine routesOfAdministration Suppository.
- Caffeine smiles "CN1C=NC2=C1CNC".
- Caffeine smiles "Canonical".
- Caffeine stdinchi "1".
- Caffeine stdinchikey "RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N".
- Caffeine synonyms "Methyltheobromine".
- Caffeine unii "3".
- Caffeine width "300".
- Caffeine width "385".
- Caffeine subject Category:Adenosine_receptor_antagonists.
- Caffeine subject Category:Alkaloids.
- Caffeine subject Category:Anxiogenics.
- Caffeine subject Category:Bitter_compounds.
- Caffeine subject Category:Caffeine.
- Caffeine subject Category:Glycine_receptor_antagonists.
- Caffeine subject Category:IARC_Group_3_carcinogens.
- Caffeine subject Category:Mutagens.
- Caffeine subject Category:Phosphodiesterase_inhibitors.
- Caffeine subject Category:Plant_toxin_insecticides.
- Caffeine subject Category:Substance_intoxication.
- Caffeine subject Category:Vasoconstrictors.
- Caffeine subject Category:Xanthines.
- Caffeine type Drug.
- Caffeine type ChemicalSubstanceType.
- Caffeine type Thing.
- Caffeine type Q8386.
- Caffeine comment "Caffeine (/kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn, ˈkæfiːɪn/) is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and thus closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a small number of plants native to South America. The most well known source of caffeine is the seed (commonly incorrectly referred to as the "bean") of the Coffea arabica coffee plant.".
- Caffeine label "Cafeína".
- Caffeine label "Cafeína".
- Caffeine label "Cafeïna".