Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q836378> ?p ?o }
Showing triples 1 to 92 of
92
with 100 triples per page.
- Q836378 subject Q7158176.
- Q836378 subject Q7237538.
- Q836378 abstract "The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words. They play an important role in Chinese poetry and in comparative studies of tonal development in the modern varieties of Chinese, both in traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics. They correspond to the phonology of Middle Chinese, and are named even or level (平 píng), rising (上 shǎng), departing (or going; 去 qù), and entering or checked (入 rù). (The last three are collectively referred to as oblique 仄 (zè), an important concept in poetic tone patterns.) Due to historic splits and mergers, none of the modern varieties of Chinese have the exact four tones of Middle Chinese, but they are noted in rhyming dictionaries.According to the usual modern analysis, Early Middle Chinese had three phonemic tones in most syllables, but no tonal distinctions in checked syllables ending in the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/. In most circumstances, every syllable had its own tone; hence a multisyllabic word typically had a tone assigned to each syllable. (In modern varieties, the situation is sometimes more complicated. Although each syllable typically still has its own underlying tone in most dialects, some syllables in the speech of some varieties may have their tone modified into other tones or neutralized entirely, by a process known as tone sandhi.)Traditional Chinese dialectology reckons syllables ending in a stop consonant as possessing a fourth tone, known technically as a checked tone. This tone is known in traditional Chinese linguistics as the entering (入 rù) tone, a term commonly used in English as well. The other three tones were termed the level (or even) tone (平 píng), the rising (上 shǎng) tone, and the departing (or going) tone (去 qù). The practice of setting up the entering tone as a separate class reflects the fact that the actual pitch contour of checked syllables was quite distinct from the pitch contour of any of the sonorant-final syllables. Indeed, implicit in the organisation of the classical rime tables is a different, but structurally equally valid, phonemic analysis, which takes all four tones as phonemic and demotes the difference between stop finals [p t k] and nasal finals [m n ŋ] to allophonic, with stops occurring in entering syllables and nasals elsewhere.From the perspective of modern historical linguistics, there is often value in treating the "entering tone" as a tone regardless of its phonemic status, because syllables possessing this "tone" typically develop differently from syllables possessing any of the other three "tones". For clarity, these four "tones" are often referred to as tone classes, with each word belonging to one of the four tone classes. This reflects the fact that the lexical division of words into tone classes is based on tone, but not all tone classes necessarily have a distinct phonemic tone associated with them.The four Early Middle Chinese (EMC) tones are nearly always presented in the order level (平 píng), rising (上 shǎng), departing (去 qù), entering (入 rù), and correspondingly numbered 1 2 3 4 in modern discussions. In Late Middle Chinese (LMC), each of the EMC tone classes split in two, depending on the nature of the initial consonant of the syllable in question. Discussions of LMC and the various modern varieties will often number these split tone classes from 1 through 8, keeping the same ordering as before. For example, LMC/modern tone classes 1 and 2 derive from EMC tone class 1; LMC/modern tone classes 3 and 4 derive from EMC tone class 2; etc. The odd-numbered tone classes 1 3 5 7 are termed dark (陰 yīn), whereas the even-numbered tone classes 2 4 6 8 are termed light (陽 yáng). Hence, for example, LMC/modern tone class 5 is known in Chinese as the yīn qù ("dark departing") tone, indicating that it is the yīn variant of the EMC qù tone (EMC tone 3). In order to clarify the relationship between the EMC and LMC tone classes, some authors notate the LMC tone classes as 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b in place of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, where a and b correspond directly to Chinese yīn and yáng, respectively.".
- Q836378 thumbnail Four-tone_hand_diagram.png?width=300.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1051422.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1069928.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1147018.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1147606.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1148563.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1209086.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q13220.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q146863.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q1577090.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q16666.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q178034.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q179608.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q180155.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q183584.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q190375.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q191328.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2016252.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q211243.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2128953.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2208940.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2251677.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2346092.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2391679.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2597550.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2609239.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2619693.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2705752.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2735715.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2748296.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q2994728.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q30002.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q3044809.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q3048775.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q31627.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q320433.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q33050.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q33375.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q33475.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q34290.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q3431648.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q3497239.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q35137.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q35571.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q36455.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q36457.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q36495.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q36718.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q36759.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q425492.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q4925633.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q494510.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q51597.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q516721.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q5588322.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q56479.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q56504.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q6191447.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q6202017.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q662754.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7012696.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7033959.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q710218.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7158176.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7237538.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q72778.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q74881.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7675988.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7820911.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q7850.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q8060260.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q8070492.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q8162.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q8183.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q8188.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q831744.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q834820.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q838797.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q839295.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q888373.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q904555.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q9186.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q9192.
- Q836378 wikiPageWikiLink Q9199.
- Q836378 type Thing.
- Q836378 comment "The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words. They play an important role in Chinese poetry and in comparative studies of tonal development in the modern varieties of Chinese, both in traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics.".
- Q836378 label "Four tones (Chinese)".
- Q836378 seeAlso Q191328.
- Q836378 depiction Four-tone_hand_diagram.png.