Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q7132431> ?p ?o }
- Q7132431 subject Q6548119.
- Q7132431 subject Q8552245.
- Q7132431 abstract "Papal appointment was a medieval method of selecting a pope. Popes have always been selected by a council of Church fathers, however, Papal selection before 1059 was often characterized by confirmation or "appointment" by secular European rulers or by their predecessors. The later procedures of the papal conclave are in large part designed to constrain the interference of secular rulers which characterized the first millennium of the Roman Catholic Church, and persisted in practices such as the creation of crown-cardinals and the jus exclusivae. Appointment might have taken several forms, with a variety of roles for the laity and civic leaders, Byzantine and Germanic emperors, and noble Roman families. The role of the appointment vis-a-vis the general population and the clergy was prone to vary considerably, with the nomination carrying weight that ranged from near total to a mere suggestion or ratification of a prior election.The institution has its origins in Ancient Rome, where on more than one occasion the emperor stepped in to resolve disputes over the legitimacy of papal contenders. An important precedent from this period is an edict of Emperor Honorius, issued after a synod he convoked to depose Antipope Eulalius. The power passed to (and grew with) the King of the Ostrogoths, then the Byzantine Emperor (or his delegate, the Exarch of Ravenna). After an interregnum, the Kings of the Franks and the Holy Roman Emperor (whose selection the pope also sometimes had a hand in), generally assumed the role of confirming the results of papal elections. For a period (today known as the "saeculum obscurum"), the power passed from the Emperor to powerful Roman nobles—the Crescentii and then the Counts of Tusculum.In many cases, the papal coronation was delayed until the election had been confirmed. Some antipopes were similarly appointed. The practice ended with the conclusion of the Investiture Controversy (c.f. confirmation of bishops) due largely to the efforts of Cardinal Hildebrand (future Pope Gregory VII), who was a guiding force in the selection of his four predecessors, and the 1059 papal bull In Nomine Domini of Pope Nicholas II; some writers consider this practice to be an extreme form of "investiture" in and of itself.Although the practice was forbidden by the Council of Antioch (341) and the Council of Rome (465), the bishops of Rome, as with other bishops, often exercised a great deal of control over their successor, even after the sixth century. Most popes from the fourth to twelfth century were appointed or confirmed by a secular power.".
- Q7132431 thumbnail Gesupietrochiave.jpg?width=300.
- Q7132431 wikiPageExternalLink A_history_of_diplomacy_in_the_internatio.pdf?id=Ks8BAAAAYAAJ&output=pdf&sig=ACfU3U0L9Kx_YxKxxOHGwSvQC0bTZeL9kQ.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q102105.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103122.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103260.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103268.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103292.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103300.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103308.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103328.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103389.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103404.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103423.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103556.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q103795.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q104205.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q104244.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q105105.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q110895.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1111163.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q111161.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1118662.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q117840.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q12544.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q12548.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q125984.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1281392.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q130614.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q132086.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q133063.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1359213.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1376802.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1377276.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1383937.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q139467.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1431390.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1443100.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q149315.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q150512.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q150712.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q150735.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q151090.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q151707.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q151902.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q151908.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q153023.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q15407657.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q154764.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q159798.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q160900.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q160931.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q160935.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q162080.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q162102.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q163787.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q165568.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q167052.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q168734.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q168736.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170297.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170303.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170386.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170498.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170500.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170503.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170505.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q170559.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q171112.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q171537.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172383.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172390.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172404.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172424.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172445.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172748.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q172933.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q173086.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q173470.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q173995.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q174029.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q1747689.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q178289.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q178799.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q179697.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q179702.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q179839.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q179882.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q181764.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q181765.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q181952.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q181959.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q182489.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q183813.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q186431.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q189867.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q193854.
- Q7132431 wikiPageWikiLink Q19546.