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- Q5515160 subject Q6567031.
- Q5515160 subject Q8809956.
- Q5515160 abstract "G-banding, G banding, or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is useful for identifying genetic diseases through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome complement. The metaphase chromosomes are treated with trypsin (to partially digest the chromosome) and stained with Giemsa stain. Heterochromatic regions, which tend to be rich with adenine and thymine (AT-rich) DNA and relatively gene-poor, stain more darkly in G-banding. In contrast, less condensed chromatin—which tends to be rich with guanine and cytosine (GC-rich) and more transcriptionally active—incorporates less Giemsa stain, and these regions appear as light bands in G-banding. The pattern of bands are numbered on each arm of the chromosome from the centromere to the telomere.This numbering system allows any band on the chromosome to be identified and described precisely. The reverse of G‑bands is obtained in R‑banding. Banding can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations, because there is a unique pattern of light and dark bands for each chromosome.It is difficult to identify and group chromosomes based on simple staining because the uniform color of the structures makes it difficult to differentiate between the different chromosomes. Therefore, techniques like G‑banding were developed that made "bands" appear on the chromosomes. These bands were the same in appearance on the homologous chromosomes, thus, identification became easier and more accurate. The less condensed the chromosomes are, the more bands that appear when G-banding. This means that the different chromosomes are more distinct in prophase than they are in metaphase.acid-saline-Giemsa protocol reveals G-bands.Other types of cytogenetic banding are listed below:".
- Q5515160 thumbnail NHGRI_human_male_karyotype.png?width=300.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q127450.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q1412684.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q15277.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q169313.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q171973.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q177900.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q178425.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q185057.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q189967.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q212739.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q2332446.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q246128.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q37748.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q574427.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q6567031.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q837783.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q849622.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q8809956.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q910324.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q916504.
- Q5515160 wikiPageWikiLink Q933491.
- Q5515160 comment "G-banding, G banding, or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is useful for identifying genetic diseases through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome complement. The metaphase chromosomes are treated with trypsin (to partially digest the chromosome) and stained with Giemsa stain.".
- Q5515160 label "G banding".
- Q5515160 depiction NHGRI_human_male_karyotype.png.