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- Q5139109 subject Q15216422.
- Q5139109 subject Q7276392.
- Q5139109 subject Q8226826.
- Q5139109 abstract "Coca has been cultivated in medium-altitude parts of the Bolivian Andes since at least the Inca era, primarily in the Yungas north and east of La Paz. Cultivation expanded substantially in the 1980s into the Chapare region of Cochabamba and some production flowed into the international cocaine market. The US-backed efforts to criminalize and eradicate coca (outside the Yungas) as part of the War on Drugs (as coca is used to make the stimulant, anaesthetic and illegal recreational drug cocaine) were met by the cocalero movement's growing capacity to organize. Violence between drug police and the Bolivian armed forces on one side and the movement on the other occurred episodically between 1987 and 2003. The cocaleros became an increasingly important political force during this period, co-founding the Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples party. Coca growers from both the Yungas and the Chapare have advocated for policies of "social control" over coca growing, maintaining a pre-set maximum area of cultivation as an alternative to drug war policies. In 2005, cocalero union leader Evo Morales was elected president of Bolivia. Morales has pursued a combined policy of legalizing coca production in the Chapare and Yungas and eradication of the crop elsewhere.The UN Office of Drug Control estimated that 30,900 hectares of coca were planted in Bolivia in 2009, making Bolivia the third largest producer of coca after Colombia (68,000 hectares) and Peru (59,900). The UN estimates that 35,148 of 54,608 metric tons produced in Bolivia is sold in unauthorized markets dominated by the cocaine trade, most of it from coca production in the Chapare. Sales of coca leaf amounted to approximately US$265 million in 2009, representing 14% of all agricultural sales and 2% of Bolivia's GDP. Coca is legally sold in wholesale markets in Villa Fátima in La Paz and in Sacaba, Cochabamba.".
- Q5139109 thumbnail Boliviacoca.jpg?width=300.
- Q5139109 wikiPageExternalLink constitucion.pdf.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q1104958.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q1142239.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q11570.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q1434538.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q14468784.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q1491.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q15216422.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q183124.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q185517.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q185565.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q2053923.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q233917.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q269039.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q272784.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q312055.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q312668.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q41576.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q42410.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q5139111.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q5139112.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q622899.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q7276392.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q743261.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q81513.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q8226826.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q838811.
- Q5139109 wikiPageWikiLink Q995727.
- Q5139109 comment "Coca has been cultivated in medium-altitude parts of the Bolivian Andes since at least the Inca era, primarily in the Yungas north and east of La Paz. Cultivation expanded substantially in the 1980s into the Chapare region of Cochabamba and some production flowed into the international cocaine market.".
- Q5139109 label "Coca in Bolivia".
- Q5139109 depiction Boliviacoca.jpg.