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- Q424019 subject Q7580897.
- Q424019 abstract "The Lambda baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles that have the symbols Λ0, Λ+c, Λ0b, and Λ+t and have +1 elementary charge or are neutral. They are baryons containing three different quarks: one up, one down, and one third quark, which can be a strange (Λ0), a charm (Λ+c), a bottom (Λ0b), or a top (Λ+t) quark. The top Lambda is not expected to be observed as the Standard Model predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly 6975500000000000000♠5×10−25 s. This is about one-twentieth the timescale for strong interactions, and, therefore it does not form hadrons.The Lambda baryon Λ0 was first discovered in October 1950, by V. D. Hopper and S. Biswas of the University of Melbourne, as a neutral V particle with a proton as a decay product, thus correctly distinguishing it as a baryon, rather than a meson i.e., different in kind from the K meson discovered in 1947 by Rochester and Butler; they were produced by cosmic rays and detected in photographic emulsions flown in a balloon at 70,000 feet (21,000 m). Though the particle was expected to live for 6977099999999999999♠~1×10−23 s, it actually survived for 6990100000000000000♠~1×10−10 s. The property that caused it to live so long was dubbed strangeness and led to the discovery of the strange quark. Furthermore, these discoveries led to a principle known as the conservation of strangeness, wherein lightweight particles do not decay as quickly if they exhibit strangeness (because non-weak methods of particle decay must preserve the strangeness of the decaying baryon).The Lambda baryon has also been observed in atomic nuclei called hypernuclei. These nuclei contain the same number of protons and neutrons as a known nucleus, but also contains one or in rare cases two Lambda particles. In such a scenario, the Lambda slides into the center of the nucleus (it is not a proton or a neutron, and thus is not affected by the Pauli exclusion principle), and it binds the nucleus more tightly together due to its interaction via the strong force. In a lithium isotope (Λ7Li), it made the nucleus 19% smaller.".
- Q424019 wikiPageExternalLink lambda.html.
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- Q424019 wikiPageWikiLink Q7580897.
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- Q424019 comment "The Lambda baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles that have the symbols Λ0, Λ+c, Λ0b, and Λ+t and have +1 elementary charge or are neutral. They are baryons containing three different quarks: one up, one down, and one third quark, which can be a strange (Λ0), a charm (Λ+c), a bottom (Λ0b), or a top (Λ+t) quark. The top Lambda is not expected to be observed as the Standard Model predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly 6975500000000000000♠5×10−25 s.".
- Q424019 label "Lambda baryon".