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- Q3492668 subject Q7005249.
- Q3492668 abstract "SSS* is a search algorithm, introduced by George Stockman in 1979, that conducts a state space search traversing a game tree in a best-first fashion similar to that of the A* search algorithm.SSS* is based on the notion of solution trees. Informally, a solution tree can be formed from any arbitrary game tree by pruning the number of branches at each MAX node to one. Such a tree represents a complete strategy for MAX, since it specifies exactly one MAX action for every possible sequence of moves made by the opponent. Given a game tree, SSS* searches through the space of partial solution trees, gradually analyzing larger and larger subtrees, eventually producing a single solution tree with the same root and Minimax value as the original game tree. SSS* never examines a node that alpha-beta pruning would prune, and may prune some branches that alpha-beta would not. Stockman speculated that SSS* may therefore be a better general algorithm than alpha-beta. However, Igor Roizen and Judea Pearl have shown that the savings in the number of positions that SSS* evaluates relative to alpha/beta is limited and generally not enough to compensate for the increase in other resources (e.g., the storing and sorting of a list of nodes made necessary by the best-first nature of the algorithm). However, Aske Plaat, Jonathan Schaeffer, Wim Pijls and Arie de Bruin have shown that a sequence of null-window alpha-beta calls is equivalent to SSS* (i.e., it expands the same nodes in the same order) when alpha-beta is used with a transposition table, as is the case in all game-playing programs for chess, checkers, etc. Now the storing and sorting of the OPEN list were no longer necessary. This allowed the implementation of (an algorithm equivalent to) SSS* in tournament quality game-playing programs. Experiments showed that it did indeed perform better than Alpha-Beta in practice, but that it did not beat NegaScout.The reformulation of a best-first algorithm as a sequence of depth-first calls prompted the formulation of a class of null-window alpha-beta algorithms, of which MTD-f is the best known example.".
- Q3492668 wikiPageExternalLink SSS*+and+Dual*.
- Q3492668 wikiPageExternalLink ~stockman.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q1377033.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q2033871.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q2269304.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q277680.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q4735209.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q570496.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q622158.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q629283.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q7005249.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q751319.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q755673.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q7835333.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q830527.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q92824.
- Q3492668 wikiPageWikiLink Q93012.
- Q3492668 comment "SSS* is a search algorithm, introduced by George Stockman in 1979, that conducts a state space search traversing a game tree in a best-first fashion similar to that of the A* search algorithm.SSS* is based on the notion of solution trees. Informally, a solution tree can be formed from any arbitrary game tree by pruning the number of branches at each MAX node to one.".
- Q3492668 label "SSS*".