Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q19921> ?p ?o }
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- Q19921 abstract "Nuclear winter (also known as atomic winter) is a largely hypothetical global climatic effect of city and natural wildfire firestorms, that is most frequently suggested to manifest as a result of the combined combustion pollution from the burning of at least 100 city sized areas, at firestorm-intensity. With the term specifically being coined to refer to computer model results were this smoke remained for year-to-decade long intervals and caused massive planet-wide temperature drops/"winters" for as long as it remained.The Climate models that are in the public domain, suggest that the ignition of 100 firestorms that are comparable in intensity to that observed in Hiroshima in 1945 would produce a "small" nuclear winter. The burning of these firestorms would result in the injection of soot (specifically Black carbon) into the Earth's stratosphere, producing an anti-greenhouse effect, that lowers the Earth's surface temperature. With the models concluding that the size of this effect, from the cumulative products of 100 of these firestorms, would unmistakably cool the global climate by approximately 1 °C, largely eliminating the magnitude of anthropogenic global warming for two to three years; with which the authors speculate, but do not model, would have global agricultural losses as a consequence.Whereas a much larger number of firestorms, which were the initial focus of the computer modelers that coined the term in the 1980s, as these were speculated to be ignited by any countervalue city-airburst nuclear weapon policy during a US-Soviet total war, suggest a decadal long nuclear winter. With summer cooling by about 20 °C in core agricultural regions of the US, Europe and China, and by as much as 35 °C in Russia. Cooling produced due to a 99% reduction in the natural solar radiation reaching the surface of the planet in the first few years, gradually clearing over several decades.REDIRECTTemplate:Unreliable source?As nuclear devices need not be involved in the ignition of a firestorm, the term is a common misnomer, due in greatest part by the vast majority of the published papers stating, without qualitative justification, that nuclear explosions are the cause of the modeled firestorm effects. Whilst the only phenomenon that is scrutinized and computer modeled in the nuclear winter papers is the climate forcing agent of firestorm-soot, a product which can and is, ignited and formed by a myriad of other, more common, means.On the fundamental level, it is known that firestorms can inject soot smoke/aerosols into the stratosphere, as each natural occurrence of a wildfire firestorm has been found to "surprisingly frequently" produce minor "nuclear winter" effects, with short-lived, almost im-measurable drops in surface temperatures, confined to the global hemisphere that they burned in. This is somewhat analogous to the frequent volcanic eruptions that inject sulfates into the stratosphere and thereby produce minor, to negligible, volcanic winter effects.A suite of satellite- and aircraft-based firestorm-soot-monitoring instruments are at the forefront of attempts to accurately determine the lifespan, quantity, injection height, and optical properties of this smoke. Information regarding all of these properties is necessary to truly ascertain the length and depth of the cooling effect of firestorms, independent of the nuclear winter computer model projections.Presently, from satellite tracking data, stratospheric smoke aerosols are removed in a time span under approximately two months, and the existence of any hint of a tipping point into a new stratospheric condition where the aerosols would not be removed within this timeframe, remains to be determined.".
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