Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q19840676> ?p ?o }
- Q19840676 abstract "The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain. There is little data about their health effects, and considerable variability between vaporizers and in quality of their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user. Reviews on the safety of electronic cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions. In July 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes. Regulated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) products such as nicotine inhalers are probably safer than e-cigarettes. In 2015, Public Health England stated that e-cigarettes are estimated to be 95% less harmful than smoking. A 2014 systematic review concluded that the risks of e-cigarettes have been exaggerated by health authorities and stated that while there may be some remaining risk, the risk of e-cigarette use is likely small compared to smoking tobacco.The long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown. A 2014 Cochrane review found no serious adverse effects reported in trials. Less serious adverse effects from e-cigarette use include throat and mouth inflammation, vomiting, nausea, and cough. The evidence suggests they produce less harmful effects than tobacco. A 2014 WHO report said, "ENDS use poses serious threats to adolescents and fetuses." Aside from toxicity, there are also risks from misuse or accidents such as contact with liquid nicotine, fires caused by vaporizer malfunction, and explosions as result from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, or design flaws. Battery explosions are caused by an increase in internal battery temperature and some have resulted in severe skin burns. There is a small risk of battery explosion in devices modified to increase battery power.The e-liquid itself is highly toxic if it swallowed or spilled on skin and poison control centers track poisoning events.After it is vaporized, e-liquid vapor has a low level of toxicity compared to cigarette smoke. Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metals. Normal usage of e-cigarettes generates very low levels of formaldehyde. A 2015 review found that later-generation e-cigarettes set at higher power may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking. A 2015 review found that these levels were the result of overheating under test conditions that bear little resemblance to common usage. The 2015 Public Health England report looking at the research concluded that by applying maximum power and increasing the time the device is used on a puffing machine, e-liquids can thermally degrade and produce high levels of formaldehyde. Users detect the "dry puff" and avoid it, and the report concluded that "There is no indication that EC users are exposed to dangerous levels of aldehydes." E-cigarette users are exposed to potentially harmful nicotine. Nicotine is associated with cardiovascular disease, potential birth defects, and poisoning. In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer, but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo. There is inadequate research to demonstrate that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans. The risk is probably low from the inhalation of propylene glycol and glycerin. No information is available on the long-term effects of the inhalation of flavors.E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of ultrafine particles, with the majority of particles in the ultrafine range. The vapor has been found to contain flavors, propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, tiny amounts of toxicants, carcinogens, heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles, and other chemicals. Exactly what comprises the vapor varies in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers. However, e-cigarettes cannot be regarded as simply harmless. There is a concern that some of the mainstream vapor exhaled by e-cigarette users can be inhaled by bystanders, particularly indoors. E-cigarette use by a parent might lead to inadvertent health risks to offspring. A 2014 review recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated for consumer safety. There is limited information available on the environmental issues around production, use, and disposal of e-cigarettes that use cartridges.".
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q104541.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1057591.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1065.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1105202.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q11068.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q11101.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1189783.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q12144.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q12252367.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q123028.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q124686.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q125761.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1292017.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q132501.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1345738.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q141124.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1431305.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1434880.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1473931.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1504425.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1566.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q15779.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q1578.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q16003969.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q161210.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q161495.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q16251481.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q16897784.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q17070599.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q174778.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q179289.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q180442.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q18206812.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q18712979.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q187661.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q189331.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q189511.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q191341.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q191700.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q19894189.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q19903182.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q19904193.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q204036.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q204711.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2047938.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2066956.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q21017057.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q211067.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2144359.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q215028.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2200417.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q221681.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2281580.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2297155.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q246181.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q255722.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2574087.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q266018.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q274160.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2782326.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2843019.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2845.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q2944903.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q3072135.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q3291156.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q335357.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q3425168.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q342790.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q3491837.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4056087.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4080875.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q408384.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q408916.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q411073.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q412529.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q413465.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4173974.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q418492.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q41861.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q420616.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q421177.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q424156.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q449325.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q463665.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q464880.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4677415.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4743024.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4743086.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q4743610.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q5029799.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q518730.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q5271952.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q5429057.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q60346.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q61231.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q61457.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q614750.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q653305.
- Q19840676 wikiPageWikiLink Q664183.