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- Q1693045 subject Q7463202.
- Q1693045 subject Q8218584.
- Q1693045 subject Q8341937.
- Q1693045 abstract "Martu (Mardu) are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. Their lands include the Percival Lakes and Pilbara regions in Western Australia. They traditionally occupied a large tract of land; their neighbours to the east are the Pintupi.Martu language groups include Manyjilyjarra; Kartujarra; Kiyajarra; Putijarra; Nyiyaparli; Warnman; Ngulipartu; Pitjikala; Kurajarra; Jiwaliny; Mangala; and Nangajarra. Martu means 'one of us', or 'person'. The language is also called Martu Wangka, a Western Desert Language.Majority of Martu (Mardu) subgroups (11 out of 12) speak several dialects of Western Desert Language like Kartujarra, Manyjilyjarra, and Nyangajarra collectivy known as Martu Wangka (today spoken form of Martu Wangka is mixture of different dialects). Wanman (Warnman) subgroup speaks Wanman language. Both languages are in the Wati branch of Pama–Nyungan family. The group identifier has only been used by non-Aborigines since the 1980s. Not long before this, white Australians thought that Pintupi people occupied this remote part of Australia. Today, Martu live at Jigalong, Wiluna, Punmu, Parnngurr and Kunawarritji.In 1964, a small clan of Martu, composed only of women and children, was "brought in" from their country to a mission at Jigalong to make way for the Blue Streak missile tests. The missiles, fired from Woomera, South Australia, were designed to dump in traditional Martu country. Successive Western Desert Aborigines had "come in", or were "brought in" to overcrowded settlements, such as Papunya. A strong debate raged over this "detribalisation" of traditional-living Aborigines. State and Federal Governments had turned a blind eye to them up until then, leaving their fate to missionaries and cattle graziers. Kim Beazley sen, MHR, summed up the opinion of some at the time, saying in the House of Representatives, "it looks like the old problem of dispossession because we want something".At this time, in the 1960s, some Martu had not seen white people, but knew of them from their ancestors, some of whom had encountered them at the creation of the Canning Stock Route in 1906-7. The experience had been a brutal one for many of the Martu people, who had been forced to serve as 'guides' and reveal water sources, after having been 'run down' by men on horseback, restrained by heavy chains, and tied to trees at night. A Royal Commission in 1908 exonerated Canning, after an appearance by Kimberley explorer John Forrest who claimed that all explorers had acted in such a fashion. The rabbit-proof fence also runs through Martu country. The film of the same name, based on the novel by Doris Pilkington Garimara, is based on the lives of some Martu girls, including Doris's mother, Molly Craig, Daisy Craig and Gracie Fields.In 2002, Martu were granted native title to much of their country, after almost two decades of struggle It was geographically the largest claim in Australia to that time. However, Karlamilyi (Karlamilyi National Park) was not included. Teddy Biljabu said at the time that they had been given 'a body without its heart'.".
- Q1693045 wikiPageExternalLink kj.org.au.
- Q1693045 wikiPageExternalLink blog.
- Q1693045 wikiPageExternalLink Kunawarritji_Community.aspx.
- Q1693045 wikiPageExternalLink www.martumili.com.au.
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- Q1693045 wikiPageExternalLink LifeinPunmu.HTM.
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- Q1693045 wikiPageWikiLink Q7463202.
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- Q1693045 wikiPageWikiLink Q8218584.
- Q1693045 wikiPageWikiLink Q8341937.
- Q1693045 wikiPageWikiLink Q885899.
- Q1693045 wikiPageWikiLink Q921617.
- Q1693045 comment "Martu (Mardu) are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. Their lands include the Percival Lakes and Pilbara regions in Western Australia. They traditionally occupied a large tract of land; their neighbours to the east are the Pintupi.Martu language groups include Manyjilyjarra; Kartujarra; Kiyajarra; Putijarra; Nyiyaparli; Warnman; Ngulipartu; Pitjikala; Kurajarra; Jiwaliny; Mangala; and Nangajarra. Martu means 'one of us', or 'person'.".
- Q1693045 label "Martu people".