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- Q15554877 subject Q6617516.
- Q15554877 subject Q8256501.
- Q15554877 abstract "Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary appears to be a persistent phenomenon. During the communist period in Hungary antisemitism did not manifest itself in its classic form . It was chiefly seen as a fascist-Hungarist ideology, and the communist elite made sure that all antisemitic literature was destroyed after World War II. During the 1989 transition from communism to democracy, and the introduction of free speech and a free press, antisemitism appeared almost immediately, and continued to re-emerge. This phenomenon has led to a heated debate as to whether economic and social changes were the cause of the sudden increase in antisemitism and the rapid spread of antisemitic views or whether covert hostility toward Jews was coming to the surface as a consequence of the new civil liberties.Post-communist new-capitalism has led to "social nationalism", implying that racism, xenophobia, fundamentalism and antisemitism constitute an identity - i.e. an identity-based pseudo-response to socio-economic problems and a culture-based pseudo-answer to real problems. It has been argued that a socio-political cleavage structure in Hungary – reflecting historical contradictions between notions of progress and nationhood – has created a situation in which high status groups attempted to transform anti-semitism into a mobilizing cultural code. In his concept of "national antisemitism" Klaus Holz emphasised the image of the Jew as a universal and vitally threatening “non-identity”, destroying particular identities and communities. That image has led to the perception of the Jew as the perpetrator and the nation as the victim.In the post-communist era antisemitism figured both on the periphery and in the mainstream. On the periphery, antisemitic and neo-Nazi groups emerged and were supported by Hungarian fascists living abroad. The ideologists of the Hungarian neo-Nazis and Hungarists included extreme-right publicists and writers. Newspapers established after the transition, Hunnia Füzetek and Szent Korona, were the first to bring back the motifs of traditional antisemitism and merge them with postwar elements, especially Holocaust denial. In the mainstream, antisemitism acquired prominence in public discourse and in central forums of public life, conducted by intellectuals such as István Csurka who had taken part in the anticommunist opposition’s activities and were prominent in political life after the 1989 transition.In the 21st century, antisemitism in Hungary has evolved and acquired an institutional framework, while verbal and physical aggression against Jews (and Roma as well) has escalated, creating a great difference between its earlier manifestations in the 1990s and recent developments. One of the major representatives of this institutionalized antisemitic ideology is the popular Hungarian party Jobbik, which received 17 percent of the vote in the April 2010 national election. The far-right subculture, which ranges from nationalist shops to radical-nationalist and neo-Nazi festivals and events, has played a major role in the institutionalization of Hungarian antisemitism in the 21st century. Contemporary antisemitic rhetoric has been updated and expanded, but is still based on the old antisemitic notions. The traditional accusations and motifs include such phrases as Jewish occupation, international Jewish conspiracy, Jewish responsibility for the Treaty of Trianon, Judeo-Bolshevism, as well as blood libels against Jews. In the past few years this trend has been strengthened by references to the supposed "Palestinization" of the Hungarian people, the reemergence of the blood libel and an increase in Holocaust relativization and denial, while the monetary crisis has revived references to the “Jewish banker class”.".
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink antiszemitizmus.hu.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink 20.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink 16Kovacs.html.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink 32.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink www.gojmotorosok.hu.
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- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink Zsolt_Enyedi.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink cv.htm.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink focus.php?id=192.
- Q15554877 wikiPageExternalLink www.szkitamotorosok.hu.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q181902.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q362.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q390287.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q592886.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q6229.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q633442.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q6617516.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q721791.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q8256501.
- Q15554877 wikiPageWikiLink Q848276.
- Q15554877 comment "Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary appears to be a persistent phenomenon. During the communist period in Hungary antisemitism did not manifest itself in its classic form . It was chiefly seen as a fascist-Hungarist ideology, and the communist elite made sure that all antisemitic literature was destroyed after World War II.".
- Q15554877 label "Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary".