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- Q1335440 subject Q7155249.
- Q1335440 subject Q8879679.
- Q1335440 abstract "In the U.S. military's strategic nuclear weapon command and control system, an Emergency Action Message (EAM) is a preformatted message that directs nuclear-capable forces to execute specific Major Attack Options (MAOs) or Limited Attack Options (LAOs) in a nuclear war. Individual countries or specific regions may be included or withheld in the EAM, as specified in the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP).EAMs utilise cryptographic protocols (including such methods as digital signatures) to authenticate the messages, thereby ensuring that they cannot be forged or altered.In the United States, the EAM will be issued from the National Military Command Center (NMCC) at the Pentagon or, if it has been destroyed by an enemy first strike, by the Alternate National Military Command Center - Site R at Raven Rock or by the Boeing E-4B National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC).The messages are sent in digital format to nuclear-capable major commands via the secure Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN). The messages are then relayed to aircraft that are on alert by the U.S. Strategic Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Omaha, Nebraska, via single-sideband modulation radio transmitters of the High Frequency Global Communications System (formerly known as the Global High Frequency Service). The EAM is relayed to missile-firing nuclear submarines via special transmitters designed for communication with submarines. The transmitters include those designed to operate at Very Low Frequency (VLF). The submarines pick up the message via special antennas.Nuclear-capable forces will then be expected to carry out an EAM without fail. Manned bombers may be recalled, but missiles fired from land-based silos or from submarines cannot be recalled.Skyking messages are also read on the same network as EAMs, also known as "Foxtrot Broadcasts" these messages will interrupt an EAM if needed to be read. They contain a higher priority and time sensitive code for orders that need immediate attention.".
- Q1335440 wikiPageExternalLink 320.pdf.
- Q1335440 wikiPageExternalLink hf-gcs.
- Q1335440 wikiPageExternalLink eam.html.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q11208.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q1140085.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q1254335.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q1346923.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q1359863.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q1967449.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q201424.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q220849.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q2379628.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q2661053.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q4139926.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q43199.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q4826517.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q499179.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q549933.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q560348.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q626985.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q7155249.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q821195.
- Q1335440 wikiPageWikiLink Q8879679.
- Q1335440 comment "In the U.S. military's strategic nuclear weapon command and control system, an Emergency Action Message (EAM) is a preformatted message that directs nuclear-capable forces to execute specific Major Attack Options (MAOs) or Limited Attack Options (LAOs) in a nuclear war.".
- Q1335440 label "Emergency Action Message".