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- Q1265281 subject Q6433036.
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- Q1265281 subject Q8569765.
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- Q1265281 abstract "The Year of the Elephant (Arabic: عام الفيل, ʿĀmu l-Fīl) is the name in Islamic history for the year approximately equating to 570 CE. According to Islamic tradition, it was in this year that Muhammad was born. The name is derived from an event said to have occurred at Mecca: Abraha, the Christian ruler of Yemen, which was subject to the Kingdom of Aksum of Ethiopia, marched upon the Kaaba with a large army, which included one or more war elephants, intending to demolish it. However, the lead elephant, known as Mahmud,is said to have stopped at the boundary around Mecca, and refused to enter. It has been theorized that an epidemic such as by smallpox could have caused such a failed invasion of Mecca. The year came to be known as the Year of the Elephant, beginning a trend for reckoning the years in the Arabian Peninsula used until it was replaced with the Islamic calendar during the rule of Umar. Recent discoveries in southern Arabia suggest that Year of the Elephant may have been 569 or 568, as the Sasanian Empire overthrew the Axumite- and Byzantine-affiliated regimes in Yemen around 570. However, historians today believe that this event occurred at least a decade prior to the birth of Muhammad.The year is also recorded as that of the birth of Ammar ibn Yasir.However, the Islamic narrative of this event is disputed by authorities including the historian Procopius of Caesarea, who documented Abara's life but made no mention of these events. Furthermore, the Arabian Peninsula is far from the appropriate place for African Elephants, while the mountainous terrain of Northern Yemen and the desert road between Yemen and Mecca would make campaigning with them difficult. Nevertheless, throughout history the center of the Arabian Peninsula has been an isolated place, protected from foreign invasions. Interestingly, a very similar narrative in Armenia that took place in the 6th century can be found. This story was recorded by the Armenian bishop Sebeos.".
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- Q1265281 comment "The Year of the Elephant (Arabic: عام الفيل, ʿĀmu l-Fīl) is the name in Islamic history for the year approximately equating to 570 CE. According to Islamic tradition, it was in this year that Muhammad was born. The name is derived from an event said to have occurred at Mecca: Abraha, the Christian ruler of Yemen, which was subject to the Kingdom of Aksum of Ethiopia, marched upon the Kaaba with a large army, which included one or more war elephants, intending to demolish it.".
- Q1265281 label "Year of the Elephant".