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- Q1228460 subject Q6501040.
- Q1228460 subject Q9672147.
- Q1228460 abstract "Roasting is a step of the processing of certain ores. More specifically, roasting is a metallurgical process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component(s). Often before roasting, the ore has already been partially purified, e.g. by froth floatation. The concentrate is mixed with other materials to facilitate the process. The technology is useful but is also a serious source of air pollution.Roasting consists of thermal gas–solid reactions, which can include oxidation, reduction, chlorination, sulfation, and pyrohydrolysis. In roasting, the ore or ore concentrate is treated with very hot air. This process is generally applied to sulfide minerals. During roasting, the sulfide is converted to an oxide, and sulfur is released as sulfur dioxide, a gas. For the ores Cu2S (chalcocite) and ZnS (sphalerite), balanced equations for the roasting are:2 Cu2S + 3O2 → 2 Cu2O + 2 SO22 ZnS + 3 O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2The gaseous product of sulfide roasting, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is often used to produce sulfuric acid. Many sulfide minerals contain other components such as arsenic that are released into the environment.Up until the early 20th century, roasting was started by burning wood on top of ore. This would raise the temperature of the ore to the point where its sulfur content would become its source of fuel, and the roasting process could continue without external fuel sources. Early sulfide roasting was practiced in this manner in "open hearth" roasters, which were manually stirred (a practice referred to as "rabbling") using rake-like tools to expose unroasted ore to oxygen as the reaction proceeded.This process would release large amounts of acidic, metallic, and other toxic compounds. Results of this include areas that even after 60-80 years are still largely lifeless, often exactly corresponding to the area of the roast bed, some of which are hundreds of metres wide by kilometres long.".
- Q1228460 thumbnail Roasted_Cripple_Creek_gold_ore.jpg?width=300.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q102798.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q105006.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q11467.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q131123.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q278106.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q4118.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q4795921.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q5282.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q629.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q6501040.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q682.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q927407.
- Q1228460 wikiPageWikiLink Q9672147.
- Q1228460 comment "Roasting is a step of the processing of certain ores. More specifically, roasting is a metallurgical process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component(s). Often before roasting, the ore has already been partially purified, e.g. by froth floatation. The concentrate is mixed with other materials to facilitate the process.".
- Q1228460 label "Roasting (metallurgy)".
- Q1228460 depiction Roasted_Cripple_Creek_gold_ore.jpg.