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- Q1059047 subject Q6292347.
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- Q1059047 subject Q8714979.
- Q1059047 subject Q9020505.
- Q1059047 abstract "The National Guard (French: la Garde nationale) was a French militia which existed from 1789 until 1872, including a period of official disbandment from 1827 to 1830. It was separate from the French Army and existed both for policing and as a military reserve. For most of its history the National Guard, particularly its officers, were widely viewed as loyal to middle-class interests. However from 1792-5, the National Guard was perceived as revolutionary and the lower ranks were identified with sans-culottes, and soon after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1, the National Guard in Paris became viewed as dangerously revolutionary, contributing to its dissolution.The first National Guard units were formed in Paris in 1789 from soldiers formerly in the French Guards, the majority of whom had defected to the revolutionary cause, and former members of the Royal Watch (officially the "Paris Guard"). Around this cadre, a part-time Paris militia was raised for military and policing tasks. The raising of National Guard was declared by the National Assembly on 13 July 1789, in response to fears of a royalist coup. The search for weapons led to the storming of the Bastille for its powder stocks the next day.The National Guard soon expanded into cities throughout France. Initially each city, town and village independently operated its own National Guard, until they were united under the command of Lafayette in 1790. It was identified until 1792 with constitutional monarchy. From 1792–5 the National Guard was an increasingly radical and violent republican force, especially in the national capital. The Guard's shift in loyalties resulted in the switch of power from the Girondist party to the extreme party known as the Mountain. From 1795, as Napoleon became more prominent, he succeeded in curbing the National Guard's power.The National Guard continued as a reserve force under Napoleon and into the Bourbon Restoration, until disbanded as politically unreliable in 1827. However the disbanded National Guardsmen kept their weapons and covertly retained enough cohesion to resurface as a part of the 1830 July Revolution which overthrew the Bourbon monarchy. The National Guard was officially re-established in 1830 under its original 1789 commander, the Marquis de Lafayette, and initially protected the constitutional monarchy of the new King Louis-Phillipe. Louis-Phillipe had lost most middle-class support by 1848 and the National Guard therefore fought for the republican cause in the Revolution of 1848.From 1868, the volunteer National Guard co-existed with a new "Mobile National Guard" (Garde nationale mobile) formed from men conscripted to part-time service as reservists. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1, the National Guard played a central role in the defence of Paris, and was reinforced with large numbers of Parisian conscripts. Having been converted from a volunteer reserve into a much larger force composed mainly of conscripts, the National Guard lost its identity and raison d'être. It also faced opposition from the army, which was opposed to such a large force outside its own organisation. In 1871, elements of the Paris National Guard rebelled to briefly form the Paris Commune, leading it to be viewed as a threat to national security. This rebellion was put down by France's regular army. In 1872, the National Guard was disbanded, and the reserve military role was taken over by territorial formations of the French Army.".
- Q1059047 thumbnail Philippe_Lenoir_by_Horace_Vernet.jpg?width=300.
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- Q1059047 type Thing.
- Q1059047 comment "The National Guard (French: la Garde nationale) was a French militia which existed from 1789 until 1872, including a period of official disbandment from 1827 to 1830. It was separate from the French Army and existed both for policing and as a military reserve. For most of its history the National Guard, particularly its officers, were widely viewed as loyal to middle-class interests.".
- Q1059047 label "National Guard (France)".
- Q1059047 seeAlso Q3095388.
- Q1059047 depiction Philippe_Lenoir_by_Horace_Vernet.jpg.