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• Virtual_particle abstract "In physics, a virtual particle is an explanatory conceptual entity that is found in mathematical calculations about quantum field theory. It refers to mathematical terms that have some appearance of representing particles inside a subatomic process such as a collision. Virtual particles, however, do not appear directly amongst the observable and detectable input and output quantities of those calculations, which refer only to actual, as distinct from virtual, particles. Virtual particle terms represent \"particles\" that are said to be \"off mass shell\". For example, they can progress backwards in time, or travel faster than light. That is to say, when looked at individually, they appear to be able to violate basic laws of physics. Regular particles of course never do so. On the other hand, any particle that is actually observed never precisely satisfies the conditions theoretically imposed on regular particles. Virtual particles occur in combinations that mutually more or less nearly cancel so that no actual violation of the laws of physics occurs in completed processes. Often the virtual-particle virtual \"events\" appear to occur close to one another in time, for example within the time scale of a collision, so that they are virtually and apparently \"short-lived\". If the mathematical terms that are interpreted as representing virtual particles are omitted from the calculations, the result is an approximation that may or may not be near the correct and accurate answer obtained from the proper full calculation.Quantum theory is different from classical theory. The difference is in accounting for the inner workings of subatomic processes. Classical physics cannot account for such. It was pointed out by Heisenberg that what \"actually\" or \"really\" occurs inside such subatomic processes as collisions is not directly observable and no unique and physically definite visualization is available for it. Quantum mechanics has the specific merit of by-passing speculation about such inner workings. It restricts itself to what is actually observable and detectable. Virtual particles are conceptual devices that in a sense try to by-pass Heisenberg's insight, by offering putative or virtual explanatory visualizations for the inner workings of subatomic processes.A virtual particle does not necessarily appear to carry the same mass as the corresponding real particle. This is because it appears as \"short-lived\" and \"transient\", so that the uncertainty principle allows it to appear not to conserve energy and momentum. The longer a virtual particle appears to \"live\", the closer its characteristics come to those of an actual particle.Virtual particles appear in many processes, including particle scattering and Casimir forces. In quantum field theory, even classical forces — such as the electromagnetic repulsion or attraction between two charges — can be thought of as due to the exchange of many virtual photons between the charges.Virtual particles appear in calculations of subatomic interactions, but never as asymptotic states or indices to the scattering matrix. A subatomic process involving virtual particles is schematically representable by a Feynman diagram in which they are represented by internal lines.Antiparticles and quasiparticles should not be confused with virtual particles or virtual antiparticles.Many physicists believe that, because of its intrinsically perturbative character, the concept of virtual particles is often confusing and misleading, and is thus best avoided.".
• Virtual_particle wikiPageExternalLink virtual-particles-what-are-they.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageExternalLink article.cfm?id=are-virtual-particles-rea.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageID "192316".
• Virtual_particle wikiPageLength "23204".
• Virtual_particle wikiPageOutDegree "124".
• Virtual_particle wikiPageRevisionID "704064136".
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Antiparticle.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_nucleus.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Casimir_effect.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Category:Concepts_in_physics.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Category:Particle_physics.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Category:Quantum_field_theory.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Commutator.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Coulombs_law.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Creation_and_annihilation_operators.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Crystallinity.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Dielectric.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Dimensionless_quantity.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Dipole.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Dirac_sea.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_induction.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_radiation.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetism.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electron_hole.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Electronic_band_structure.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_particle.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Energy–momentum_relation.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink False_vacuum.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Fermion.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Feynman_diagram.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Fine-structure_constant.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Force_carrier.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Frame_of_reference.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Gluon.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Ground_state.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Günter_Nimtz.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics).
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Hawking_radiation.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Interference_(wave_propagation).
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Inverse-square_law.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Inverse_cube_law.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Julian_Schwinger.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Ladder_operator.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Lamb_shift.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_field.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Meson.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Momentum.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Near_and_far_field.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Near_field_communication.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_force.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Nucleon.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Observable.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink On_shell_and_off_shell.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink One-loop_Feynman_diagram.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Pair_production.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Particle_number_operator.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Particle_physics.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Paul_Dirac.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics).
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Phonon.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Photon.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Physics.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Pion.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Probability_amplitude.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Probability_distribution.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Propagator.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink QCD_vacuum.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink QED_vacuum.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_field_theory.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_state.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_tunnelling.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Quark.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Quasiparticle.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Rho_meson.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink S-matrix.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Scattering_amplitude.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Semiconductor.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Solid-state_physics.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Spontaneous_emission.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Strong_interaction.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_equilibrium.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Two-photon_absorption.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Uncertainty_principle.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Unruh_effect.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vacuum_Rabi_oscillation.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vacuum_energy.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vacuum_genesis.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vacuum_polarization.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vacuum_state.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Valence_and_conduction_bands.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Van_der_Waals_force.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Vector_boson.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Virtual_state.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink W_and_Z_bosons.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Weak_interaction.
• Virtual_particle wikiPageWikiLink Zero-point_energy.

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