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- Toxicophore abstract "A toxicophore is a chemical structure or a portion of a structure (e.g., a functional group) that is related to the toxic properties of a chemical. Toxicophores can act directly (e.g., dioxins) or can require metabolic activation (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines).Most toxic substances exert their toxicity through some interaction (e.g., covalent bonding, oxidation) with cellular macromolecules like proteins or DNA. This interaction leads to changes in the normal cellular biochemistry and physiology and downstream toxic effects.Occasionally, the toxicophore requires bioactivation, mediated by enzymes, to produce a more reactive metabolite that is more toxic. For example, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form a more reactive substance that can covalently bind to DNA, causing mutations that, if not repaired, can lead to cancer. Generally, different chemical compounds that contain the same toxicophore elicit similar toxic effects at the same site of toxicity.Medicinal chemists and structural biologists study toxicophores in order to predict (and hopefully avoid) potentially toxic compounds early in the drug development process. Toxicophores can also be identified in lead compounds and removed or replaced later in the process with less toxic moieties. Both techniques, in silico (predictive) and a posteriori (experimental), are active areas of chemoinformatics research and development, within the field known as Computational Toxicology. For example, in the United States, the EPA's National Center for Computational Toxicology sponsors several toxicity databases based on predictive modeling as well as high-throughput screening experimental methods.".
- Toxicophore wikiPageID "3001891".
- Toxicophore wikiPageLength "3833".
- Toxicophore wikiPageOutDegree "28".
- Toxicophore wikiPageRevisionID "689813225".
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink A_priori_and_a_posteriori.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Biochemistry.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Biological_activity.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Category:Toxicology.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_substance.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Cheminformatics.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_P450.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink DNA_repair.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Drug_metabolism.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Functional_group.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink High-throughput_screening.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink In_silico.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Macromolecule.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Medicinal_chemistry.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Moiety_(chemistry).
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Physiology.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Predictive_modelling.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Redox.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Structural_biology.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Tobacco-specific_nitrosamines.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink Toxicity.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.
- Toxicophore wikiPageWikiLinkText "Toxicophore".
- Toxicophore wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Chem-stub.
- Toxicophore wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lead_missing.
- Toxicophore wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Toxicophore subject Category:Toxicology.
- Toxicophore hypernym Structure.
- Toxicophore type Building.
- Toxicophore type Specialty.
- Toxicophore comment "A toxicophore is a chemical structure or a portion of a structure (e.g., a functional group) that is related to the toxic properties of a chemical. Toxicophores can act directly (e.g., dioxins) or can require metabolic activation (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines).Most toxic substances exert their toxicity through some interaction (e.g., covalent bonding, oxidation) with cellular macromolecules like proteins or DNA.".
- Toxicophore label "Toxicophore".
- Toxicophore sameAs Q7830413.
- Toxicophore sameAs Toxicóforos.
- Toxicophore sameAs m.08jvlc.
- Toxicophore sameAs Q7830413.
- Toxicophore wasDerivedFrom Toxicophore?oldid=689813225.
- Toxicophore isPrimaryTopicOf Toxicophore.