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- Tokyo_Charter abstract "The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter), also known as the Tokyo Charter, was the decree issued by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Allied-occupied Japan, on 19 January 1946 that set down the laws and procedures by which the Tokyo Trials were to be conducted. The charter was issued months following the surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, which brought World War II to an end.Modeled after the Nuremberg Charter, the Tokyo Charter stipulated that crimes of the Japanese could be tried. Three categories of crimes were defined: crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Article 6 of the Tokyo Charter also stated that holding an official position or acting pursuant to order of his government or of a superior was no defense to war crimes, but that such circumstances may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the Tribunal determines that justice so requires.Like the Nuremberg Trials, the criminal procedure used by the Tokyo Trials was closer to civil law than to common law, with a trial before a panel of judges rather than a jury trial and with wide allowance for hearsay evidence. Defendants who were found guilty could appeal the verdict to the Allied Council for Japan. In addition, they would be permitted to present evidence in their defense and to cross-examine witnesses.Unlike the Nuremberg Charter, the Tokyo Charter was not part of a treaty or agreement among the Allies but it was substantially the same as the Nuremberg Charter. A major exception was that Emperor Hirohito was excluded from being tried for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.The Tokyo Charter differs from the Nuremberg Charter, however, in two ways. The Tokyo Charter adds the categories of persons to be held responsible and it does not make \"persecution\" subject to \"religious\" grounds. The first variance is only in the drafting of Article 5(c) of the Tokyo Charter defining crimes against humanity since the same responsibility basis exists in the Charter thought not in Article 6(c) of the Nuremberg Charter. The second variance is because the Nazi crimes against the Jews did not have a counterpart in the Asian conflict.The Nuremberg and Tokyo Charters were applicable only to major criminals, leaving other criminals to be tried by the Allies. In Germany, the Allies acted pursuant to Control Council Law No. 10 (CCL 10) in their respective zones of occupation. But they also relied on their military and national tribunals, where they applied their own laws. There was no counterpart in Japan to CCL 10 because the United States was the sole occupying power of Japan, whereas Germany was occupied by the four major Allies (United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union). The same legal issues pertaining to Article 6(c) of the Nuremberg Charter also apply to Article 5(c) of the Tokyo Charter.".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageExternalLink nuremberg.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageExternalLink dia48.html.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageExternalLink military-tribunal-far-east.xml.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageID "41274192".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageLength "4661".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageOutDegree "44".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageRevisionID "676623019".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Allies_of_World_War_II.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Appeal.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:Crime_of_aggression.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:Crimes_against_humanity.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:Human_rights_abuses.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:Politics_of_World_War_II.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Category:War_crimes.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Civil_law_(legal_system).
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Command_responsibility.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Common_law.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Crime_against_peace.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Crimes_against_humanity.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Crimina_juris_gentium.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Criminal_procedure.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Cross-examination.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Douglas_MacArthur.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Geneva_Conventions.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Genocide.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Hearsay.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Hirohito.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink International_Criminal_Court_investigations.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink International_humanitarian_law.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink International_law.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Jury_trial.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Jus_ad_bellum.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Law_of_war.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink List_of_war_crimes.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Nuremberg_Charter.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Nuremberg_principles.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Nuremberg_trials.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Occupation_of_Japan.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Peace_Palace.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Superior_orders.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Commander_for_the_Allied_Powers.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink Surrender_of_Japan.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink The_Holocaust.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink War_Crimes_Act_of_1996.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink War_crime.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLinkText "Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLinkText "Tokyo Charter".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageWikiLinkText "charter".
- Tokyo_Charter wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:Crime_of_aggression.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:Crimes_against_humanity.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:Human_rights_abuses.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:Politics_of_World_War_II.
- Tokyo_Charter subject Category:War_crimes.
- Tokyo_Charter hypernym Decree.
- Tokyo_Charter comment "The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter), also known as the Tokyo Charter, was the decree issued by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Allied-occupied Japan, on 19 January 1946 that set down the laws and procedures by which the Tokyo Trials were to be conducted.".
- Tokyo_Charter label "Tokyo Charter".
- Tokyo_Charter sameAs Q17026034.
- Tokyo_Charter sameAs m.0zg755m.
- Tokyo_Charter sameAs Q17026034.
- Tokyo_Charter wasDerivedFrom Tokyo_Charter?oldid=676623019.
- Tokyo_Charter isPrimaryTopicOf Tokyo_Charter.