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• Thermodynamic_system abstract "A thermodynamic system is the material and radiative content of a macroscopic volume in space, that can be adequately described by thermodynamic state variables such as temperature, entropy, internal energy and pressure. Usually, by default, a thermodynamic system is taken to be in its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium, as opposed to a non-equilibrium state. The thermodynamic system is always enclosed by walls that separate it from its surroundings; these constrain the system. A thermodynamic system is subject to external interventions called thermodynamic operations; these alter the system's walls or its surroundings; as a result, the system undergoes thermodynamic processes according to the principles of thermodynamics. (This account mainly refers to the simplest kind of thermodynamic system; compositions of simple systems may also be considered.)The thermodynamic state of a thermodynamic system is its internal state as specified by its state variables. In addition to the state variables, a thermodynamic account also requires a special kind of quantity called a state function, which is a function of the defining state variables. For example, if the state variables are internal energy, volume and mole amounts, that special function is the entropy. These quantities are inter-related by one or more functional relationships called equations of state, and by the system's characteristic equation. Thermodynamics imposes restrictions on the possible equations of state and on the characteristic equation. The restrictions are imposed by the laws of thermodynamics.According to the permeabilities of the walls of a system, transfers of energy and matter occur between it and its surroundings, which are assumed to be unchanging over time, until a state of thermodynamic equilibrium is attained. The only states considered in equilibrium thermodynamics are equilibrium states. Classical thermodynamics includes equilibrium thermodynamics. It also considers: (a) systems considered in terms of cyclic sequences of processes rather than of states of the system; such were historically important in the conceptual development of the subject; and (b) systems considered in terms of processes described by steady flows; such are important in engineering. In 1824 Sadi Carnot described a thermodynamic system as the working substance (such as the volume of steam) of any heat engine under study. The very existence of such thermodynamic systems may be considered a fundamental postulate of equilibrium thermodynamics, though it is only rarely cited as a numbered law. According to Bailyn, the commonly rehearsed statement of the zeroth law of thermodynamics is a consequence of this fundamental postulate.In equilibrium thermodynamics the state variables do not include fluxes because in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium all fluxes have zero values by postulation. Equilibrium thermodynamic processes may of course involve fluxes but these must have ceased by the time a thermodynamic process or operation is complete bringing a system to its eventual thermodynamic state. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows its state variables to include non-zero fluxes, that describe transfers of matter or energy or entropy between a system and its surroundings.".
• Thermodynamic_system thumbnail System_boundary2.svg?width=300.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageID "425850".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageLength "28114".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageOutDegree "80".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageRevisionID "708185950".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Adiabatic_wall.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_value_problem.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Carnot_heat_engine.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Category:Thermodynamic_systems.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_equilibrium.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_potential.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Closed_system.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Condenser_(heat_transfer).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Conservation_law.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Diathermal_wall.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Electric_charge.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Energy.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Entropy.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Equation_of_state.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Flow_process.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Fundamental_thermodynamic_relation.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink H-theorem.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Heat.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Herbert_Callen.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Idealization.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Isolated_system.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Laws_of_thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Loschmidts_paradox.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Ludwig_Boltzmann.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Macroscopic_scale.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Mathematical_model.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Matter.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Max_Planck.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Mechanically_isolated_system.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Mirror.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Molecular_chaos.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Momentum.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Nicolas_Léonard_Sadi_Carnot.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Open_system_(systems_theory).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Phase_(matter).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Phenomenon.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Physical_system.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Quark.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Randomness.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Reflections_on_the_Motive_Power_of_Fire.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Reversible_process_(thermodynamics).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Rudolf_Clausius.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_modelling.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Second_law_of_thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Semipermeable_membrane.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink State_function.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Steam_engine.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Stochastic.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink System.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_radiation.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermally_isolated_system.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_equilibrium.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_operation.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_process.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Work_(physics).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Work_(thermodynamics).
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink File:Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLink File:System_boundary2.svg.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Isolated process".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Open system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Systems".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Thermodynamic open system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Thermodynamic system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Thermodynamic system#Boundary".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Thermodynamic system#Open system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "bodies".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "closed system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "closed thermodynamic system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "diathermal wall".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "energy flow".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "energy loss".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "in Thermodynamics".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "isolated system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "open system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "open systems".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "surroundings".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "system thermodynamics".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "systems".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "thermodynamic open systems".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "thermodynamic system".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "thermodynamic system#Boundary".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "thermodynamic systems or bodies".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "thermodynamical systems".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "walls".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "working body".
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Aye.
• Thermodynamic_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.

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