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• Terra_Mariana abstract "Terra Mariana (Land of Mary) was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia (German: Alt-Livland, Estonian: Vana-Liivimaa, Latvian: Livonija), which was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade in the territories comprising present day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire but lost this status in 1215 when proclaimed by Pope Innocent III as directly subject to the Holy See.Terra Mariana was divided into feudal principalities by Papal Legate William of Modena: Duchy of Estonia (Dominum directum to the King of Denmark) Archbishopric of Riga Bishopric of Courland Bishopric of Dorpat Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek Military administration of the Livonian Brothers of the SwordAfter the 1236 Battle of Saule the surviving members of the Brothers merged in 1237 with the Teutonic Order of Prussia and became known as the Livonian Order. In 1346 the Order bought Danish Estonia. Throughout the existence of medieval Livonia there was a constant struggle over supremacy, between the lands ruled by the Church, the Order, the secular German nobility and the citizens of the Hanseatic towns of Riga and Reval. Following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 the Teutonic Order and the Ordenstaat fell into decline but the Livonian Order managed to maintain its independent existence. In 1561, during the Livonian war, Terra Mariana ceased to exist. Its northern parts were ceded to Sweden and formed into the Duchy of Estonia, its southern territories became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania — and thus eventually of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — as the Duchy of Livonia and the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The island of Saaremaa became part of Denmark.Since the beginning of the 20th century Terra Mariana (Estonian: Maarjamaa) has been used as a poetic name or sobriquet for Estonia. In 1995 the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, a state decoration, was instituted to honor the independence of Estonia.".
• Terra_Mariana capital Riga.
• Terra_Mariana dissolutionYear "1561".
• Terra_Mariana foundingYear "1207".
• Terra_Mariana thumbnail Flag_of_Denmark.svg?width=300.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageID "38317494".
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageLength "20772".
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageOutDegree "153".
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageRevisionID "702975641".
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Albert_of_Riga.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Archbishopric_of_Riga.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_Sea.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_languages.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Grunwald.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Saule.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Wilkomierz.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Courland.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Dorpat.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Reval.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Ösel–Wiek.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:1207_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:1561_disestablishments.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:Crusader_states.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_Baltic_states.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:Livonian_Confederation.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:Northern_Crusades.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1207.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Christianization.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Christopher_II_of_Denmark.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Crusades.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Curonians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Danish_Estonia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Daugava_(river).
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Denmark.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Dominum_directum.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Livonia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Estonia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Estonia_under_Swedish_rule.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Estonian_language.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Estonians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Finnic_languages.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_II_of_Denmark.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Free_imperial_city.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Gauja.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Gotland.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Hanseatic_League.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Roman_Empire.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Holy_See.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Ikšķile.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Indigenous_peoples.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Johannes_Ambundii.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Johannes_V_von_Münchhausen.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Livonia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Knights_Templar.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Landtag.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Latgalians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Latin.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Latvia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Latvian_language.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Lithuania.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonian_Crusade.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonian_Order.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonian_War.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonian_language.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Livonians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Low_German.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Magnus,_Duke_of_Holstein.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Mark_(unit).
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Mary_(mother_of_Jesus).
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Monarchy_of_Denmark.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Crusades.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Europe.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Oeselians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Paganism.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Papal_legate.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Philip_of_Swabia.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Celestine_III.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Honorius_III.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Innocent_III.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Martin_V.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Riga.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Saaremaa.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Selonians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Semigallians.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Sigismund_II_Augustus.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Sobriquet.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink St._Georges_Night_Uprising.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink State_orders,_decorations_and_medals.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Swedish_Empire.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Tallinn.
• Terra_Mariana wikiPageWikiLink Terra_Mariana.

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