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• Stop-and-wait_ARQ abstract "Stop-and-wait ARQ also can be referred as Alternating bit protocol is a method used in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order. It is the simplest kind of automatic repeat-request (ARQ) method. A stop-and-wait ARQ sender sends one frame at a time; it is a special case of the general sliding window protocol with both transmit and receive window sizes equal to 1 and more than one respectively . After sending each frame, the sender doesn't send any further frames until it receives an acknowledgement (ACK) signal. After receiving a good frame, the receiver sends an ACK. If the ACK does not reach the sender before a certain time, known as the timeout, the sender sends the same frame again.Timer is set after each frame transmission.The above behavior is the simplest Stop-and-Wait implementation. However, in a real life implementation there are problems to be addressed.Typically the transmitter adds a redundancy check number to the end of each frame.The receiver uses the redundancy check number to check for possible damage.If the receiver sees that the frame is good, it sends an ACK.If the receiver sees that the frame is damaged, the receiver discards it and does not send an ACK—pretending that the frame was completely lost, not merely damaged.One problem is when the ACK sent by the receiver is damaged or lost. In this case, the sender doesn't receive the ACK, times out, and sends the frame again. Now the receiver has two copies of the same frame, and doesn't know if the second one is a duplicate frame or the next frame of the sequence carrying identical data.Another problem is when the transmission medium has such a long latency that the sender's timeout runs out before the frame reaches the receiver. In this case the sender resends the same packet. Eventually the receiver gets two copies of the same frame, and sends an ACK for each one. The sender, waiting for a single ACK, receives two ACKs, which may cause problems if it assumes that the second ACK is for the next frame in the sequence.To avoid these problems, the most common solution is to define a 1 bit sequence number in the header of the frame. This sequence number alternates (from 0 to 1) in subsequent frames. When the receiver sends an ACK, it includes the sequence number of the next packet it expects. This way, the receiver can detect duplicated frames by checking if the frame sequence numbers alternate. If two subsequent frames have the same sequence number, they are duplicates, and the second frame is discarded. Similarly, if two subsequent ACKs reference the same sequence number, they are acknowledging the same frame.Stop-and-wait ARQ is inefficient compared to other ARQs, because the time between packets, if the ACK and the data are received successfully, is twice the transit time (assuming the turnaround time can be zero). The throughput on the channel is a fraction of what it could be. To solve this problem, one can send more than one packet at a time with a larger sequence number and use one ACK for a set. This is what is done in Go-Back-N ARQ and the Selective Repeat ARQ.".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageID "1088971".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageLength "3665".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageOutDegree "13".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageRevisionID "680005178".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Acknowledgement_(data_networks).
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Alternating_bit_protocol.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Automatic_repeat_request.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Category:Error_detection_and_correction.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Category:Logical_link_control.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Error_detection_and_correction.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Frame_(networking).
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Go-Back-N_ARQ.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Latency_(engineering).
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Selective_Repeat_ARQ.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Sliding_window_protocol.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLink Telecommunication.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLinkText "Stop-and-wait ARQ".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLinkText "Stop-and-wait".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLinkText "stop-and-wait ARQ".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wikiPageWikiLinkText "stop-and-wait".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ subject Category:Error_detection_and_correction.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ subject Category:Logical_link_control.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ hypernym Method.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ type Software.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ type Algorithm.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ type Protocol.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ comment "Stop-and-wait ARQ also can be referred as Alternating bit protocol is a method used in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order. It is the simplest kind of automatic repeat-request (ARQ) method.".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ label "Stop-and-wait ARQ".
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Q10860200.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Jednotlivé_potvrzování.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Parada_y_espera.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs بازفرستی_با_روش_ایست_و_انتظار.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Stop-and-wait_ARQ.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Застани-и-чекај_ARQ.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs m.044_ks.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ sameAs Q10860200.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ wasDerivedFrom Stop-and-wait_ARQ?oldid=680005178.
• Stop-and-wait_ARQ isPrimaryTopicOf Stop-and-wait_ARQ.