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- Steam_explosion abstract "A steam explosion is a violent boiling or flashing of water into steam, occurring when water is either superheated, rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it, or heated by the interaction of molten metals (as in a fuel-coolant interaction, or FCI, of molten nuclear-reactor fuel rods with water in a nuclear reactor core following a core-meltdown). Pressure vessels, such as pressurized water (nuclear) reactors, that operate above atmospheric pressure can also provide the conditions for a steam explosion. The water changes from a liquid to a gas with extreme speed, increasing dramatically in volume. A steam explosion sprays steam and boiling-hot water and the hot medium that heated it in all directions (if not otherwise confined, e.g. by the walls of a container), creating a danger of scalding and burning.Steam explosions are not normally chemical explosions, although a number of substances react chemically with steam (for example, zirconium and superheated graphite react with steam and air respectively to give off hydrogen, which burns violently in air) so that chemical explosions and fires may follow. Some steam explosions appear to be special kinds of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), and rely on the release of stored superheat. But many large-scale events, including foundry accidents, show evidence of an energy-release front propagating through the material (see description of FCI below), where the forces create fragments and mix the hot phase into the cold volatile one; and the rapid heat transfer at the front sustains the propagation.If a steam explosion occurs in a confined tank of water due to rapid heating of the water, the pressure wave and rapidly expanding steam can cause severe water hammer. This was the mechanism that, in Idaho, USA, in 1961, caused the SL-1 nuclear reactor vessel to jump over 9 feet (2.7 m) in the air when it was destroyed by a criticality accident. In the case of SL-1, the fuel and fuel elements vaporized from instantaneous overheating.Events of this general type are also possible if the fuel and fuel elements of a liquid-cooled nuclear reactor gradually melt. Such explosions are known as fuel-coolant interactions (FCI). In these events the passage of the pressure wave through the predispersed material creates flow forces which further fragment the melt, resulting in rapid heat transfer, and thus sustaining the wave. Much of the physical destruction in the Chernobyl disaster, a graphite-moderated, light-water-cooled RBMK-1000 reactor, is thought to have been due to such a steam explosion.In a nuclear meltdown, the most severe outcome of a steam explosion is early containment failure. Two possibilities are the ejection at high pressure of molten fuel into the containment, causing rapid heating; or an in-vessel steam explosion causing ejection of a missile (such as the upper head) into, and through, the containment. Less dramatic but still significant is that the molten mass of fuel and reactor core melts through the floor of the reactor building and reaches ground water; a steam explosion might occur, but the debris would probably be contained, and would in fact, being dispersed, probably be more easily cooled. See WASH-1400 for details.Steam explosions are often encountered where hot lava meets sea water. Such an occurrence is also called a littoral explosion. A dangerous steam explosion can also be created when liquid water encounters hot, molten metal. As the water explodes into steam, it splashes the burning hot liquid metal along with it, causing an extreme risk of severe burns to anyone located nearby and creating a fire hazard.".
- Steam_explosion thumbnail Littoral_explosion_at_Waikupanaha_2.jpg?width=300.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageExternalLink fdm1230.pdf.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageID "1277505".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageLength "9969".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageOutDegree "55".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageRevisionID "704532015".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink 2007_New_York_City_steam_explosion.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_pressure.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Boiler.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Boiler_explosion.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Boiling_liquid_expanding_vapor_explosion.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Boilover.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Explosion_protection.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Explosives.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_accidents_and_incidents.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Water_in_gas.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_explosive.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Chernobyl_disaster.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Concrete.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Criticality_accident.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Environmentally_friendly.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Explosion.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Fatigue_(material).
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Fire-tube_boiler.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Fire_blanket.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Fire_retardant.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Graphite.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Lava.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Littoral_zone.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Multiphase_flow.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_fallout.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_fuel.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_meltdown.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reactor.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Operating_temperature.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Pressurized_water_reactor.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink RBMK.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Refrigerator.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink SL-1.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Scalding.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Steam.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Stratovolcano.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Superheating.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Tunnel.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Volcano.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink WASH-1400.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Water-tube_boiler.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Water_hammer.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink Zirconium.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLink File:Littoral_explosion_at_Waikupanaha_2.jpg.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "Steam explosion".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "exploded".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "explodes".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "explosion of steam".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "explosive boiling".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "explosively".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "extremely rapid evolution".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "flash-boil".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "flashed to steam".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "rapid conversion of water to steam".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageWikiLinkText "steam explosion".
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Inline_citations.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:See_also.
- Steam_explosion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unref_section.
- Steam_explosion subject Category:Explosion_protection.
- Steam_explosion subject Category:Explosives.
- Steam_explosion subject Category:Nuclear_accidents_and_incidents.
- Steam_explosion subject Category:Water_in_gas.
- Steam_explosion type Accident.
- Steam_explosion type Redirect.
- Steam_explosion type Source.
- Steam_explosion type Thing.
- Steam_explosion comment "A steam explosion is a violent boiling or flashing of water into steam, occurring when water is either superheated, rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it, or heated by the interaction of molten metals (as in a fuel-coolant interaction, or FCI, of molten nuclear-reactor fuel rods with water in a nuclear reactor core following a core-meltdown).".
- Steam_explosion label "Steam explosion".
- Steam_explosion seeAlso Boiler_explosion.
- Steam_explosion sameAs Q2378317.
- Steam_explosion sameAs انفجار_البخار.
- Steam_explosion sameAs Physikalische_Explosion.
- Steam_explosion sameAs Explosion_de_vapeur_deau.
- Steam_explosion sameAs Explosão_de_vapor.
- Steam_explosion sameAs m.04phtm.
- Steam_explosion sameAs Q2378317.
- Steam_explosion wasDerivedFrom Steam_explosion?oldid=704532015.
- Steam_explosion depiction Littoral_explosion_at_Waikupanaha_2.jpg.
- Steam_explosion isPrimaryTopicOf Steam_explosion.