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- States_of_Germany abstract "Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land). Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer (literally: area states).The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state.In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state. A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as \"Berlin-Brandenburg\" failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger.Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including \"culture\", which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training. Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat (literally Federal Council, the upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties \"with the consent of the federal government\".".
- States_of_Germany thumbnail Im_Gespräch_Sylvia_Löhrmann_und_Winfried_Kretschmann_(2).jpg?width=300.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Aachen.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Carsten_Sieling.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Country_subdivisions_of_Europe.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lists_of_country_subdivisions.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:States_of_Germany.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Subdivisions_of_Germany.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Free_City_of_Lübeck.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Free_State_of_Oldenburg.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink French_Revolution.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink German_Confederation.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Greater_Hamburg_Act.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Hannelore_Kraft.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Hanover.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Hans_Apel.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Hanseatic_League.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Roman_Emperor.
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- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Horst_Seehofer.
- States_of_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Hugo_Preuß.