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- State_actor abstract "In United States law, a state actor is a person who is acting on behalf of a governmental body, and is therefore subject to regulation under the United States Bill of Rights, including the First, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which prohibit the federal and state governments from violating certain rights and freedoms.Although at first blush the term would seem to include only persons who are directly employed by the state, the United States Supreme Court has interpreted these amendments and laws passed pursuant to them to cover many persons who have only an indirect relationship with the government. Controversies have arisen, for example, over whether private companies that run towns (the \"company-town\") and prisons (traditionally a state function) can be held liable as state actors when they violate fundamental civil rights. This question remains unresolved, but the Supreme Court has held private citizens to be liable as state actors when they conspire with government officials to deprive people of their rights.Conversely, in National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, the Supreme Court has found that the National Collegiate Athletic Association is not a state actor for the purposes of 28 U.S.C. 1983 because it was national, rather than acting on behalf of one state actor. For the purposes of a Bivensaction, however, it might still be a state actor.[1]The 1989 case of DeShaney v. Winnebago County was decided on the basis of the state action doctrine. Social workers separated a young son Joshua from his abusive father Randy, but concluded there was not enough evidence for a permanent separation, and later reunited son with father; later, the father beat his son into a persistent vegetative state. The Supreme Court ruled that despite involvement by state social workers, the state of Wisconsin was not a state actor and was therefore not responsible. Accordingly, the Fourteenth Amendment protections did not apply, according to constitutional scholar John E. Finn.Unlike state actors, private actors are generally not required to afford individuals the constitutional rights mentioned above. In nearly all U.S. states, private shopping center owners can eject protesters from their land for trespassing, and private associations can eject members or deny admission to applicants, with no warning and for no reason. But in a handful of states, notably California, state constitutional protections and certain common law rights have been extended to limit private actors. California allows the peaceful exercise of free speech in private shopping centers (see Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980)) and requires certain types of private actors to afford current or potential members a rudimentary version of procedural due process called fair procedure.There are a number of situations where the United States Supreme Court has recognized the conduct of individuals or private organizations to be \"state action,\" and therefore subject to provisions of the Constitution such as Equal Protection, Due Process, or the First Amendment. The Supreme Court has held the following:1. Merely opening up a business to the public is not state action, but the performance of a \"public function\" (a function that has been traditionally and exclusively performed by the state) is state action (Marsh v. Alabama, 326 U.S. 501 (1946));2. If an individual or organization merely enters into a contract or asserts a contractual right outside of court is it not state action, but if an individual or organization sues to judicially enforce a contractual right it is state action (Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948));3. If the government merely acquiesces in the performance of an act by a private individual or organization it is not state action, but if the government coerces, influences, or encourages the performance of the act, it is state action (Rendell-Baker v. Kohn, 457 U.S. 830 (1982));4. If the government merely enters into a contract with an individual or organization for the goods or services, the actions of the private party are not state action, but if the government and the private party enter into a “joint enterprise” or a “symbiotic relationship” with each other it is state action (Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715 (1961));5. If government agencies are simply members of a private organization, the actions of the organization are not state action, but if the government is \"pervasively entwined\" with the leadership of the private organization, the acts of the organization are state action (Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, 535 U.S. 971 (2002)).".
- State_actor wikiPageExternalLink Potuto1.pdf.
- State_actor wikiPageID "1715392".
- State_actor wikiPageLength "6555".
- State_actor wikiPageOutDegree "29".
- State_actor wikiPageRevisionID "652044458".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Bivens_v._Six_Unknown_Named_Agents.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Brentwood_Academy_v._Tennessee_Secondary_School_Athletic_Assn.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Burton_v._Wilmington_Parking_Authority.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink California.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Category:Civil_rights_and_liberties.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Category:Legal_doctrines_and_principles.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_constitutional_law.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink DeShaney_v._Winnebago_County.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Due_process.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Fair_procedure.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Law.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Marsh_v._Alabama.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink NCAA_v._Smith.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Prima_facie.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Protest.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Pruneyard_Shopping_Center_v._Robins.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Shelley_v._Kraemer.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Shopping_mall.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink Trespass.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Bill_of_Rights.
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText ""state actor"".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "State actor".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "State authority".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "acting".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "state action".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "state actions".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "state acton".
- State_actor wikiPageWikiLinkText "state actor".
- State_actor wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:For.
- State_actor wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- State_actor wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- State_actor subject Category:Civil_rights_and_liberties.
- State_actor subject Category:Legal_doctrines_and_principles.
- State_actor subject Category:United_States_constitutional_law.
- State_actor hypernym Person.
- State_actor type Person.
- State_actor type Concept.
- State_actor type Redirect.
- State_actor type Right.
- State_actor type Theory.
- State_actor comment "In United States law, a state actor is a person who is acting on behalf of a governmental body, and is therefore subject to regulation under the United States Bill of Rights, including the First, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which prohibit the federal and state governments from violating certain rights and freedoms.Although at first blush the term would seem to include only persons who are directly employed by the state, the United States Supreme Court has interpreted these amendments and laws passed pursuant to them to cover many persons who have only an indirect relationship with the government. ".
- State_actor label "State actor".
- State_actor sameAs Q7603645.
- State_actor sameAs 국가행위의제이론.
- State_actor sameAs m.05qm7m.
- State_actor sameAs Q7603645.
- State_actor wasDerivedFrom State_actor?oldid=652044458.
- State_actor isPrimaryTopicOf State_actor.