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- Shock_hardening abstract "Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure. As in cold work, these defects interfere with the normal processes by which metallic materials yield (plasticity), making materials stiffer, but more brittle. When compared to traditional cold work, such an extremely rapid process results in a different class of defect, producing a much harder material for a given change in shape. If the shock wave applies too great a force for too long, however, the rarefaction front that follows it can form voids in the material due to hydrostatic tension, weakening the material and often causing it to spall. Since voids nucleate at large defects, such as oxide inclusions and grain boundaries, high-purity samples with a large grain size (especially single crystals) are able to withstand greater shock without spalling, and can therefore be made much harder.Shock hardening has been observed in many contexts:Explosive forging uses the detonation of a high explosive charge to create a shockwave. This effect is used to harden rail track cast components and, coupled with the Misznay-Schardin effect, in the operation of explosively forged penetrators. Greater hardening can be achieved by using a lower quantity of an explosive with greater brisance, so that the force applied is greater but the material spends less time in hydrostatic tension.Laser shock, similar to inertial confinement fusion, uses the ablation plume caused by a laser pulse to apply force to the laser's target. The rebound from the expelled matter can create very high pressures, and the pulse length of lasers is often quite short, meaning that good hardening can be achieved with little risk of spallation. Surface effects can also be achieved by laser treatment, including amorphization.Light-gas guns have been used to study shock hardening. Although too labor-intensive for widespread industrial application, they do provide a versatile research testbed. They allow precise control of both magnitude and profile of the shock wave through adjustments to the projectile's muzzle velocity and density profile, respectively. Studies of various projectile types have been crucial in overturning a prior theory that spallation occurs at a threshold of pressure, independent of time. Instead, experiments show longer-lasting shocks of a given magnitude produce more material damage.".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageID "1952861".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageLength "3268".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageRevisionID "622885276".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Alloy.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Amorphous_solid.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Brisance.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Brittleness.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Casting.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Metallurgical_processes.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Metalworking.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Crystal.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Detonation.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Explosive_material.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Explosively_formed_penetrator.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Grain_boundary.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Inclusion_(mineral).
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Inertial_confinement_fusion.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Laser.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Laser_ablation.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Light-gas_gun.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink List_of_laser_articles.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Misznay–Schardin_effect.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Plasticity_(physics).
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Rarefaction.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Shock_wave.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Spall.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Spallation.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Strength_of_materials.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Wiktionary:nucleation.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLink Work_hardening.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLinkText "Shock hardening".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLinkText "Shock_hardening".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLinkText "explosion hardening".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLinkText "explosive shock hardening".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageWikiLinkText "shock hardening".
- Shock_hardening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Shock_hardening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Shock_hardening subject Category:Metallurgical_processes.
- Shock_hardening subject Category:Metalworking.
- Shock_hardening hypernym Process.
- Shock_hardening type Election.
- Shock_hardening type Industry.
- Shock_hardening type Process.
- Shock_hardening comment "Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure. As in cold work, these defects interfere with the normal processes by which metallic materials yield (plasticity), making materials stiffer, but more brittle. When compared to traditional cold work, such an extremely rapid process results in a different class of defect, producing a much harder material for a given change in shape.".
- Shock_hardening label "Shock hardening".
- Shock_hardening sameAs Q7499867.
- Shock_hardening sameAs m.068jnc.
- Shock_hardening sameAs Q7499867.
- Shock_hardening wasDerivedFrom Shock_hardening?oldid=622885276.
- Shock_hardening isPrimaryTopicOf Shock_hardening.