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- Shō_Shin abstract "Shō Shin (尚眞, 1465–1526; r. 1477–1526) was a king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, the third of the line of the Second Shō Dynasty. Shō Shin's long reign has been described as \"the Great Days of Chūzan\", a period of great peace and relative prosperity. He was the son of Shō En, the founder of the dynasty, by Yosoidon, Shō En's second wife, often referred to as the queen mother. He succeeded his uncle, Shō Sen'i, who was forced to abdicate in his favor.Much of the foundational organization of the kingdom's administration and economy is traced back to developments which occurred during Shō Shin's reign. As government became more institutionalized and organized, the aji (按司, local lords) gradually lost power and independence, becoming more closely tied to the central government at Shuri. In order to strengthen central control over the kingdom, and to prevent insurrection on the part of the aji, Shō Shin gathered weapons from all the aji to be put to use for the defense of the kingdom, and ordered aji to make their residences in Shuri; lords separated from their lands and from their people were far less able to act independently or to organize rebellion, and, over time, their emotional connections to Shuri grew, those with their territory weakening. The residences at Shuri of the aji were divided into three districts – one each for those coming from the northern, central, and southern areas of Okinawa Island which had formerly been the independent kingdoms of Hokuzan, Chūzan, and Nanzan respectively. These regions were now renamed Kunigami, Nakagami, and Shimajiri, respectively, place names which remain in use today. Through intermarriage, residence in Shuri, and other factors, the aji came to be more integrated as a class, more closely associated with life and customs and politics at Shuri, and less attached to their ancestral territorial identities.The aji left deputies, called aji okite (按司掟), to administer their lands on their behalf, and some years later a system of jito dai (地頭代), agents sent by the central government to oversee the outlying territories, was established. Some aji of the northern regions were allowed to remain there, not moving to Shuri, as they were too powerful for the king to force their obedience in this matter; the king's third son was made Warden of the North, however, and granted authority to maintain peace and order in the region.The Shuri dialect of the Okinawan language used by administrators and bureaucrats became standardized at this time, and a golden age of poetry and literature blossomed. The first volumes of the Omoro Sōshi, a collection of poems, songs, and chants reflecting centuries-old oral tradition as well as contemporary events, were completed in 1532. Along with later volumes, the Omoro Sōshi would become one of the chief primary sources for modern-day historians studying the kingdom's history.The process of moving the aji to Shuri also brought about major changes to the city, including the construction of a great many grand gates, pavilions, lakes, bridges, monuments, and gardens. There came to be a great demand for masons, carpenters, and others, as well as for a wide variety of goods and materials, imported by each aji from his own territories. Okinawa Island quickly became more economically integrated, with goods and labor traveling to and from Shuri and the neighboring port city of Naha. Economic integration allowed territories to become more specialized, and the production of luxury goods expanded significantly. Various kinds of hairpins and other ornaments became standard elements of the fashions of courtiers and bureaucrats, new techniques in producing and weaving silk were imported, and the use of gold, silver, lacquer, and silk became more common among townspeople. Urbanization led to increased prosperity for merchants, traders, courtiers, townsmen and others, though historian George H. Kerr points out that farmers and fishermen, who made up the vast majority of the Okinawan population, remained quite poor.Many monuments, temples, and other structures were also erected during the prosperous reign of Shō Shin. A new palace building was constructed, in Chinese style, and court rituals and ceremonies were dramatically altered and expanded, in emulation of Chinese modes. A pair of tall stone \"Dragon Pillars\" were placed at the entrance to the palace, patterned not after Chinese, Korean or Japanese models, but after those of Thailand and Cambodia, reflecting, as Kerr points out, the reach and extent of Okinawan trade and the cosmopolitan nature of the capital at this time. The Buddhist temple Enkaku-ji was built in 1492, Sōgen-ji was expanded in 1496, and in 1501, Tamaudun, the royal mausoleum complex, was completed. Shō Shin successfully petitioned the Korean royal court, several times, to send volumes of Buddhist texts; the first metal movable type printing presses in the world had been invented in Korea in the 13th century. In the thirtieth year of his reign, a stele was erected in the grounds of Shuri Castle, listing Eleven Distinctions of the Age enumerated by court officials. A reproduction of this stele, destroyed in the 1945 Battle of Okinawa along with the castle, stands in the castle grounds today.The reign of Shō Shin also saw the expansion of the kingdom's control over several of the outlying Ryukyu Islands. Okinawan ships began in the late 15th century to frequent Miyakojima and the Yaeyama Islands; following a series of disputes among the local lords in the Yaeyama Islands which broke out in 1486, Shō Shin in 1500 sent military forces to quell the disputes and establish control over the islands. Kumejima was brought under firm control of Shuri, and liaison offices were established in Miyako and Yaeyama, in 1500 and 1524 respectively.Shō Shin also effected significant changes to the organization of the native noro (ノロ, high priestesses) cult and its relationship to the government. He owed his uncle's abdication, and his own succession to his sister, the noro of the royal family, a special position known as the kikoe-ōgimi. He established a new residence for the kikoe-ōgimi (聞得大君) just outside the gates to the castle, and erected high walls in 1519 around the Sonohyan Utaki, the sacred space and accompanying sacred hearth which she tended. A system by which the king and kikoe-ōgimi appointed local noro across the kingdom was established, tying this element of the native Ryukyuan religion into formal systems of authority under the government.After a fifty-year reign, Shō Shin died in 1526, and was succeeded by his son Shō Sei. It is said that after such a long reign, officials encountered difficulties in determining the proper way to conduct the royal funeral, succession rituals, and other important related ceremonies. Historian George Kerr writes that \"Okinawa was never again to know the halcyon days of Sho Shin's reign.\"".
- Shō_Shin activeYearsEndYear "1526".
- Shō_Shin activeYearsStartYear "1477".
- Shō_Shin birthDate "1465".
- Shō_Shin birthYear "1465".
- Shō_Shin deathDate "1526".
- Shō_Shin deathYear "1526".
- Shō_Shin parent Shō_En.
- Shō_Shin predecessor Shxc5x8d_Seni.
- Shō_Shin restingPlace Shuri,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin restingPlace Tamaudun.
- Shō_Shin successor Shō_Sei.
- Shō_Shin thumbnail King_Sho_Shin.jpg?width=300.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageExternalLink 39242121?referer=di&ht=edition.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageID "18583731".
- Shō_Shin wikiPageLength "9742".
- Shō_Shin wikiPageOutDegree "57".
- Shō_Shin wikiPageRevisionID "690740754".
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Aji_(Ryūkyū).
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:1465_births.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:1526_deaths.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:15th-century_Ryukyuan_people.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:15th-century_monarchs_in_Asia.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:16th-century_Ryukyuan_people.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:16th-century_monarchs_in_Asia.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Category:Kings_of_Ryūkyū.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Chūzan.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Enkaku-ji_(Okinawa).
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink George_H._Kerr.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Hokuzan.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Imperial_Chinese_missions_to_Ryukyu_Kingdom.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Kikoe-ōgimi.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Kumejima,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Kunigami_District,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Lacquer.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink List_of_monarchs_of_Ryukyu_Islands.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Miyako-jima.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Movable_type.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Naha.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Nakagami_District,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Nanzan.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Noro_(priestess).
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Okinawa_Island.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Okinawan_language.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Omoro_Sōshi.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Printing_press.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Ryukyu_Islands.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Ryukyu_Kingdom.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Ryukyuan_religion.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shimajiri_District,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shuri,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shuri_Castle.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shxc5x8d_Seni.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shō_En.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Shō_Sei.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Sonohyan-utaki.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Stele.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Sōgen-ji.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Tamaudun.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Urbanization.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Yaeyama_Islands.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLink Yosoidon.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageWikiLinkText "Shō Shin".
- Shō_Shin after Shō_Sei.
- Shō_Shin before Shxc5x8d_Seni.
- Shō_Shin birthDate "1465".
- Shō_Shin caption "Formal royal portrait of King Shō Shin.".
- Shō_Shin dateOfBirth "1465".
- Shō_Shin dateOfDeath "1526".
- Shō_Shin deathDate "1526".
- Shō_Shin father Shō_En.
- Shō_Shin house "House of Shō".
- Shō_Shin imageSize "200".
- Shō_Shin issue "Princess Sashisaka Ajiganashi".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Chōei, Prince Ozato".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Gendō, Prince Tomigusuku".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Ikō, Prince Urasoe Chōman".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Kyōjin, Prince Kin".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Ryūtoku, Prince Goeku Chōtoku".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Sei, Crown Prince Nakagusuku".
- Shō_Shin issue "Shō Shōi, Prince Nakijin Chōten".
- Shō_Shin mother "Ukiyaka".
- Shō_Shin name "Sho Shin".
- Shō_Shin name "Shō Shin".
- Shō_Shin name "尚眞王".
- Shō_Shin placeOfBurial Shuri,_Okinawa.
- Shō_Shin placeOfBurial Tamaudun.
- Shō_Shin predecessor Shxc5x8d_Seni.
- Shō_Shin reign "1477".
- Shō_Shin shortDescription "King of the Ryūkyū Kingdom".
- Shō_Shin spouse "Kyoni".
- Shō_Shin spouses "Daughter of Mekaru Shī, Mekaru Village".
- Shō_Shin spouses "Umitogani Ajiganashi".
- Shō_Shin spousesType "Concubine".
- Shō_Shin succession "King of the Ryūkyū Kingdom".
- Shō_Shin successor Shō_Sei.
- Shō_Shin title "King of Ryūkyū".
- Shō_Shin wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_royalty.
- Shō_Shin wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Nihongo.