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- Second_Sino-Japanese_War abstract "The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 – September 9, 1945) was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from 1937 to 1945. It followed the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95.China fought Japan, with some economic help from Germany (see Sino-German cooperation until 1941), the Soviet Union and the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war would merge into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front of what is broadly known as the Pacific War. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It accounted for the majority of civilian and military casualties in the Pacific War, with anywhere between 10 and 25 million Chinese civilians and over 4 million Chinese and Japanese military personnel dying from war-related violence, famine, and other causes (see World War II casualties).The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy aimed at expanding its influence politically and militarily in order to secure access to raw material reserves and other economic resources in the area, particularly food and labour, and engage war with others in the policy context of aggressive modernized militarism in the Asia-Pacific, at the height of Imperial Rule Assistance Association's Hideki Tojo cabinet and with the order from Emperor Shōwa. Before 1937, China and Japan fought in small, localized engagements, so-called \"incidents\". In 1931, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria by Japan's Kwantung Army followed the Mukden Incident. The last of these incidents was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, which marked the beginning of total war between the two countries.Initially the Japanese scored major victories, such as the Battle of Shanghai, and by the end of 1937 captured the Chinese capital of Nanking. After failing to stop the Japanese in Wuhan, the Chinese central government was relocated to Chongqing in the Chinese interior. By 1939, after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi, and with stretched lines of communications deep into the Chinese interior territories, the war had reached a stalemate. The Japanese were also unable to defeat the Chinese communist forces in Shaanxi, which continued to perform sabotage operations against the Japanese using guerrilla warfare tactics. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and the following day (December 8, 1941) the United States declared war on Japan. The United States began to aid China via airlift matériel over the Himalayas after the Allied defeat in Burma that closed the Burma Road. In 1944 Japan launched a massive invasion and conquered Henan and Changsha. However, this failed to bring about the surrender of Chinese forces. In 1945, Chinese Expeditionary Force resumed its advance in Burma and completed the Ledo road linking India and China. At the same time, China launched large counteroffensives in South China and retook the west Hunan and Guangxi.Despite continuing to occupy much of China's territory, Japan eventually surrendered on September 2, 1945 to Allied forces following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Japanese-held Manchuria. The remaining Japanese occupation troops in China (excluding Manchuria) formally surrendered on September 9, 1945 with the following International Military Tribunal for the Far East convened on April 29, 1946. At the outcome of the Cairo Conference of November 22–26, 1943, the Allies of World War II decided to restrain and punish the aggression of Japan by restoring all the territories that Japan annexed from China, including Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores, to the Republic of China, and to expel Japan from the Korean Peninsula. China was recognized as one of the Big Four of Allies during the war and became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council at the end of the war.".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "1,319,000–4,000,000+ dead and missing,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "1,320,000 killed,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "1,797,000 wounded,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "120,000 missing".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "160,603 killed,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "17,000,000–22,000,000 civilians dead".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "290,467 wounded,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "3,211,000–10,000,000+ total".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "3,800,000–10,600,000+ military casualties after July, 1937.".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "400,000–1,000,000 POWs dead".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "446,740 total".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "45,989 POW.".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "87,208 missing,".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Chinese civilian losses:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Communist:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Nationalist:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Official PRC data:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Official ROC data:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Other estimates:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Total: 3,237,000".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Total: 584,267".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War causalties "Total:".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "(withcollaborator support)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "(withforeign support)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (1932–45)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (1936–45)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (1941–45)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (East Hebei(1937–38)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (Germany(1933–38)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (Nanjing Government(1940–45)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (Provisional Government(1937–40)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (Reformed Government(1937–40)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War combatant "* (Soviet Union(1937–41, 1945)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Albert_Coady_Wedemeyer.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Bai_Chongxi.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Chen_Cheng.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Cheng_Qian.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Chiang_Kai-shek.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Claire_Lee_Chennault.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Du_Yuming.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Fu_Zuoyi.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Hajime_Sugiyama.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Hideki_Tojo.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Hirohito.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Iwane_Matsui.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Joseph_Stilwell.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Korechika_Anami.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Li_Zongren.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Mao_Zedong.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Peng_Dehuai.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Prince_Kanin_Kotohito.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Prince_Yasuhiko_Asaka.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Puyi.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Seishirō_Itagaki.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Shunroku_Hata.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Sun_Li-jen.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Toshizō_Nishio.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Wang_Jingwei.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Wei_Lihuang.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Xue_Yue.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Yan_Xishan.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Yasuji_Okamura.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Yoshijirō_Umezu.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War commander Zhu_De.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War date "1931-09-18".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War date "1937-07-07".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Pacific_War.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War place British_rule_in_Burma.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War place Mainland_China.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War result "* China becomes a permanent member of theU.N. Security Council".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War result "* Chinese victory as part of theAlliedvictory in thePacific War".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War result "* Resumption of theChinese Civil War".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War result "* Surrender of all Japanese forces in mainland China (excludingManchuria),Formosa, theSpratly Islands, theParacel Islands, andFrench Indochinanorth of16° northto theRepublic of China".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War strength "(Excludes Manchuria andBurma campaign)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War strength "1,200,000 (1945)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War strength "14,000,000 total".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War strength "23px|link=900,000 (1945)".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War strength "4,100,000 total".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War territory Treaty_of_Shimonoseki.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War thumbnail Nanking_bodies_1937.jpg?width=300.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink books?id=OKLiAAAAMAAJ.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink map.huhai.net.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink 70.1gordon.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink china_e.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink siryo16.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink 1937.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink www.kangzhan.org.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink route_south.htm.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink page1.htm.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink avg.htm.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink index_00163571.html.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink showrev.php?id=42871.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink china.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageExternalLink manchuria.
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageID "69980".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageLength "162744".
- Second_Sino-Japanese_War wikiPageOutDegree "953".