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- Punchbowl_Crater abstract "Punchbowl Crater (546 ft) is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the Honolulu period of secondary volcanic activity. A crater resulted from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range. The volcano is probably a monogenetic volcano which means it only erupted once because the volcano is small in height but it has a massive crater.Although there are various translations of the Punchbowl's Hawaiian name, \"Puowaina,\" the most common is \"Hill of Sacrifice.\" This translation closely relates to the history of the crater. The first known use was as an altar where Hawaiians offered human sacrifices to pagan gods and killed violators of the many taboos. Later, during the reign of Kamehameha the Great, a battery of two cannons was mounted at the rim of the crater to salute distinguished arrivals and signify important occasions. Early in the 1880s, leasehold land on the slopes of the Punchbowl opened for settlement and in the 1930s, the crater was used as a rifle range for the Hawaii National Guard. Toward the end of World War II, tunnels were dug through the rim of the crater for the placement of shore batteries to guard Honolulu Harbor and the south edge of Pearl Harbor.During the late 1890s, a committee recommended that the Punchbowl become the site for a new cemetery to accommodate the growing population of Honolulu. The idea was rejected for fear of polluting the water supply and the emotional aversion to creating a city of the dead above a city of the living. Fifty years later, Congress authorized a small appropriation to establish a national cemetery in Honolulu with two provisions: that the location be acceptable to the War Department, and that the site would be donated rather than purchased. In 1943, the governor of Hawaii offered the Punchbowl for a national cemetery. The $50,000 appropriation proved insufficient, however, and the project was deferred until after World War II. By 1947, Congress and veteran organizations placed a great deal of pressure on the military to find a permanent burial site in Hawaii for the remains of thousands of World War II servicemen on the island of Guam awaiting permanent burial. Subsequently, the Army again began planning the Punchbowl cemetery; in February 1948 Congress approved funding and construction began.".
- Punchbowl_Crater thumbnail View_of_Honolulu_Harbor_and_Punchbowl_Crater._(c._1854).jpg?width=300.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageExternalLink nmcp.asp.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageID "699635".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageLength "3795".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageOutDegree "30".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageRevisionID "689591114".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cenozoic_Hawaii.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Extinct_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geography_of_Honolulu,_Hawaii.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Monogenetic_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pleistocene_Oceania.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pleistocene_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Tuff_cones.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Category:Volcanoes_of_Oahu.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Coral_reef.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Governor_of_Hawaii.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Guam.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Hawaii_National_Guard.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Hawaiian_language.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Honolulu.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Honolulu_Harbor.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Human_sacrifice.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Kamehameha_I.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Koʻolau_Range.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Lava.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink List_of_national_cemeteries.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Monogenetic_volcanic_field.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink National_Memorial_Cemetery_of_the_Pacific.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Pearl_Harbor.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink Phreatomagmatic_eruption.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Congress.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Department_of_War.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink File:Oahu-DiamondHead-Punchbowl-Honolulu.jpg.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink File:Punchbowl_(1249).JPG.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLink File:View_of_Honolulu_Harbor_and_Punchbowl_Crater._(c._1854).jpg.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLinkText "Punchbowl Crater".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageWikiLinkText "Punchbowl".
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clear.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Quaternary_Footer.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Cenozoic_Hawaii.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Extinct_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Geography_of_Honolulu,_Hawaii.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Monogenetic_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Pleistocene_Oceania.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Pleistocene_volcanoes.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Tuff_cones.
- Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Volcanoes_of_Oahu.
- Punchbowl_Crater hypernym Cone.
- Punchbowl_Crater point "21.3125 -157.8461111111111".
- Punchbowl_Crater type Mountain.
- Punchbowl_Crater type Landform.
- Punchbowl_Crater type SpatialThing.
- Punchbowl_Crater comment "Punchbowl Crater (546 ft) is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the Honolulu period of secondary volcanic activity. A crater resulted from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range.".
- Punchbowl_Crater label "Punchbowl Crater".
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Q2118341.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Category:Punchbowl_Crater.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Punchbowl_Crater.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Punchbowl_Crater.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs m.033v8z.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs 5852795.
- Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Q2118341.
- Punchbowl_Crater lat "21.3125".
- Punchbowl_Crater long "-157.8461111111111".
- Punchbowl_Crater wasDerivedFrom Punchbowl_Crater?oldid=689591114.
- Punchbowl_Crater depiction View_of_Honolulu_Harbor_and_Punchbowl_Crater._(c._1854).jpg.
- Punchbowl_Crater isPrimaryTopicOf Punchbowl_Crater.