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Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Protoscience> ?p ?o }

• Protoscience abstract "In the philosophy of science, there are several definitions of protoscience. Its simplest meaning (most closely reflecting its roots of proto- + science) involves the earliest eras of the history of science, when the scientific method was embryonic. Thus, in the late 17th century and early 18th century, Isaac Newton contributed to the dawning sciences of chemistry and physics even though he was also an alchemist who sought chrysopoeia in various ways, some of which were unscientific. Our era views his as one of protoscience. Another meaning extends this idea into the present, involving the distinction between hard and soft sciences, in which various sciences (or branches thereof) are ranked according to methodological rigor. In this sense, the physical sciences may be posited as science whereas psychoanalysis may be labeled as protoscience because not all of its theoretical basis is empirical. Protoscience in this sense is sometimes distinguished from pseudoscience by a genuine willingness to be changed through new evidence, as opposed to having theory that can always find a way to rationalize a predetermined belief. Compare fringe science, which is considered highly speculative or even strongly refuted. Some protosciences go on to become an accepted part of mainstream science.Philosopher of chemistry Jaap Brakel defines protoscience as \"the study of normative criteria for the use of experimental technology in science.\"On protoscience Thomas Kuhn said that they \"generate testable conclusions but ... nevertheless resemble philosophy and the arts rather than the established sciences in their developmental patterns. I think, for example, of fields like chemistry and electricity before the mid-18th century, of the study of heredity and phylogeny before the mid-nineteenth, or of many of the social sciences today.\" While noting that they meet the demarcation criteria of falsifiability from Popper, he questions whether the discussion in protoscience fields \"result[s] in clear-cut progress\". Kuhn concluded that protoscience, \"like the arts and philosophy, lack some element which, in the mature sciences, permits the more obvious forms of progress. It is not, however, anything that a methodological prescription can provide. ... I claim no therapy to assist the transformation of a proto-science to a science, nor do I suppose anything of this sort is to be had\".The term prescientific means at root \"relating to an era before science existed\". For example, traditional medicine existed for thousands of years before medical science did, and thus many aspects of it can be described as prescientific. In a related but somewhat different sense, protoscientific topics (such as the alchemy of Newton's day) can be called prescientific, in which case the proto- and pre- labels can function more or less synonymously (the latter focusing more sharply on the idea that nothing but science is science).".
• Protoscience wikiPageExternalLink moller.html.
• Protoscience wikiPageID "24241".
• Protoscience wikiPageLength "5797".
• Protoscience wikiPageOutDegree "42".
• Protoscience wikiPageRevisionID "685349790".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Alchemy.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Category:Protoscience.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Category:Scientific_method.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Chemistry.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Chrysopoeia.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Electricity.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Empirical_evidence.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Falsifiability.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Fringe_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Hard_and_soft_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Heredity.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink History_of_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Hypothesis.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Isaac_Newton.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Methodical_culturalism.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Outline_of_physical_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Pathological_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Philosophy.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Philosophy_of_chemistry.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Philosophy_of_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetic_tree.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Physics.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Pseudoscience.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Psychoanalysis.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Rationalization_(psychology).
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_consensus.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_method.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Social_science.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Superseded_scientific_theories.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Synonym.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink The_arts.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Theory.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_Kuhn.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Traditional_medicine.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Wikt:embryonic.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Wikt:proto-.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLink Word_sense.
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "Protoscience".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "hypothetical".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "proto-scientific".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "protoscience".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "protoscientific".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "protoscientists".
• Protoscience wikiPageWikiLinkText "science in its infancy".
• Protoscience wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Protoscience wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Science.
• Protoscience wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Wiktionary.
• Protoscience subject Category:Protoscience.
• Protoscience subject Category:Scientific_method.
• Protoscience hypernym Definitions.
• Protoscience type Book.
• Protoscience comment "In the philosophy of science, there are several definitions of protoscience. Its simplest meaning (most closely reflecting its roots of proto- + science) involves the earliest eras of the history of science, when the scientific method was embryonic. Thus, in the late 17th century and early 18th century, Isaac Newton contributed to the dawning sciences of chemistry and physics even though he was also an alchemist who sought chrysopoeia in various ways, some of which were unscientific.".
• Protoscience label "Protoscience".
• Protoscience sameAs Q375843.
• Protoscience sameAs علوم_مبتدئة.
• Protoscience sameAs Protowissenschaft.
• Protoscience sameAs Πρωτοεπιστήμη.
• Protoscience sameAs Protociencia.
• Protoscience sameAs Prototeadus.
• Protoscience sameAs Esitiede.
• Protoscience sameAs Protoscience.
• Protoscience sameAs Protociencia.
• Protoscience sameAs Protosains.
• Protoscience sameAs Protoscienza.
• Protoscience sameAs プロトサイエンス.
• Protoscience sameAs Protosains.
• Protoscience sameAs Protowetenschap.
• Protoscience sameAs Protovitenskap.
• Protoscience sameAs Protonauka.
• Protoscience sameAs Lista_de_protociências.
• Protoscience sameAs m.061m_.
• Protoscience sameAs Protoștiință.
• Protoscience sameAs Протонаука.
• Protoscience sameAs Protovetenskap.
• Protoscience sameAs Önbilim.
• Protoscience sameAs Протонаука.
• Protoscience sameAs Q375843.
• Protoscience wasDerivedFrom Protoscience?oldid=685349790.
• Protoscience isPrimaryTopicOf Protoscience.