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- Principle_of_minimum_energy abstract "The principle of minimum energy is essentially a restatement of the second law of thermodynamics. It states that for a closed system, with constant external parameters and entropy, the internal energy will decrease and approach a minimum value at equilibrium. External parameters generally means the volume, but may include other parameters which are specified externally, such as a constant magnetic field.In contrast, for isolated systems (and fixed external parameters), the second law states that the entropy will increase to a maximum value at equilibrium. An isolated system has a fixed total energy and mass. A closed system, on the other hand, is a system which is connected to another system, and may exchange energy, but not mass, with the other system. If, rather than an isolated system, we have a closed system, in which the entropy rather than the energy remains constant, then it follows from the first and second laws of thermodynamics that the energy of that system will drop to a minimum value at equilibrium, transferring its energy to the other system. To restate: The maximum entropy principle: For a closed system with fixed internal energy (i.e. an isolated system), the entropy is maximized at equilibrium. The minimum energy principle: For a closed system with fixed entropy, the total energy is minimized at equilibrium.This should not be confused with the minimum total potential energy principle which states that, at equilibrium, the total potential energy of a system with dissipation will be at a minimum, which is a special case of the maximum entropy principle.As an example, consider the familiar example of a marble on the edge of a bowl. If we consider the marble and bowl to be an isolated system, then when the marble drops, the potential energy will be converted to the kinetic energy of motion of the marble. Frictional forces will convert this kinetic energy to heat, and at equilibrium, the marble will be at rest at the bottom of the bowl, and the marble and the bowl will be at a slightly higher temperature. The total energy of the marble-bowl system will be unchanged. What was previously the potential energy of the marble, will now reside in the increased heat energy of the marble-bowl system. This will be an application of the maximum entropy principle as set forth in the principle of minimum potential energy, since due to the heating effects, the entropy has increased to the maximum value possible given the fixed energy of the system.If, on the other hand, the marble is lowered very slowly to the bottom of the bowl, so slowly that no heating effects occur (i.e. reversibly), then the entropy of the marble and bowl will remain constant, and the potential energy of the marble will be transferred as work energy to the apparatus that is lowering the marble. Since the potential energy is now at a minimum with no increase in the energy due to heat of either the marble or the bowl, the total energy of the system is at a minimum. This is an application of the minimum energy principle.".
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- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageLength "11710".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageOutDegree "20".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageRevisionID "707956189".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Thermodynamics.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Closed_system.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Conjugate_variables_(thermodynamics).
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Enthalpy.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Entropy.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Exact_differential.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Gibbs_free_energy.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Helmholtz_free_energy.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Intensive_and_extensive_properties.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Isolated_system.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_energy.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Legendre_transformation.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Minimum_total_potential_energy_principle.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Particle_number.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Second_law_of_thermodynamics.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_potential.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Energy minimum principle".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Principle of minimum energy".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "minimum free energy".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "minimum-energy state".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "minimum-energy".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "principle of minimum energy".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy subject Category:Thermodynamics.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy type Concept.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy type Physic.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy type Thermodynamic.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy comment "The principle of minimum energy is essentially a restatement of the second law of thermodynamics. It states that for a closed system, with constant external parameters and entropy, the internal energy will decrease and approach a minimum value at equilibrium.".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy label "Principle of minimum energy".
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs Q3743693.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs مبدأ_أقل_طاقة.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs Principio_de_energía_mínima.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs Energia_miinimumi_printsiip.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs m.09t0c4.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy sameAs Q3743693.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy wasDerivedFrom Principle_of_minimum_energy?oldid=707956189.
- Principle_of_minimum_energy isPrimaryTopicOf Principle_of_minimum_energy.