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- Post_hoc_analysis abstract "In the design and analysis of experiments, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, \"after this\") consists of looking at the data—after the experiment has concluded—for patterns that were not specified a priori. It is sometimes called by critics data dredging to evoke the sense that the more one looks the more likely something will be found. More subtly, each time a pattern in the data is considered, a statistical test is effectively performed. This greatly inflates the total number of statistical tests and necessitates the use of multiple testing procedures to compensate. However, this is difficult to do precisely and in fact most results of post hoc analyses are reported as they are with unadjusted p-values. These p-values must be interpreted in light of the fact that they are a small and selected subset of a potentially large group of p-values. Results of post hoc analyses should be explicitly labeled as such in reports and publications to avoid misleading readers. In practice, post hoc analyses are usually concerned with finding patterns and/or relationships between subgroups of sampled populations that would otherwise remain undetected and undiscovered were a scientific community to rely strictly upon a priori statistical methods. Post hoc tests—also known as a posteriori tests—greatly expand the range and capability of methods that can be applied in exploratory research. Post hoc examination strengthens induction by limiting the probability that significant effects will seem to have been discovered between subgroups of a population when none actually exist. As it is, many scientific papers are published without adequate, preventative post hoc control of the type I error rate.Post hoc analysis is an important procedure without which multivariate hypothesis testing would greatly suffer, rendering the chances of discovering false positives unacceptably high. Ultimately, post hoc testing creates better informed scientists who can therefore formulate better, more efficient a priori hypotheses and research designs.".
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- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink A_priori_and_a_posteriori.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink A_priori_probability.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Analysis_of_variance.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Apophenia.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Arithmetic_mean.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Clinical_research.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Data_analysis.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Medical_statistics.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Multiple_comparisons.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Dunnett.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Closed_testing_procedure.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Data_dredging.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Design_of_experiments.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Dunnetts_test.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Exploratory_research.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Familywise_error_rate.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Homoscedasticity.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Independence_(probability_theory).
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Inductive_reasoning.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Latin.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Multiple_comparisons_problem.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Newman–Keuls_method.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Null_hypothesis.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink P-value.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Pairwise_comparison.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Post_hoc.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Ronald_Fisher.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Sample_(statistics).
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Statistical_hypothesis_testing.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Statistical_population.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Statistical_significance.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Studentized_range.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Students_t-test.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Subgroup_analysis.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Testing_hypotheses_suggested_by_the_data.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Tukeys_range_test.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLink Type_I_and_type_II_errors.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "''Post hoc'' analysis".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "Post hoc analysis".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "Post hoc analysis#List of post hoc tests".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "Post hoc".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "post hoc analyses".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "post hoc analysis".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "post hoc".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "post-hoc".
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:!.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Distinguish.
- Post_hoc_analysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Main.
- Post_hoc_analysis subject Category:Clinical_research.
- Post_hoc_analysis subject Category:Data_analysis.
- Post_hoc_analysis subject Category:Medical_statistics.
- Post_hoc_analysis subject Category:Multiple_comparisons.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Type.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Biostatistic.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Comparison.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Field.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Type.
- Post_hoc_analysis type Thing.
- Post_hoc_analysis comment "In the design and analysis of experiments, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, \"after this\") consists of looking at the data—after the experiment has concluded—for patterns that were not specified a priori. It is sometimes called by critics data dredging to evoke the sense that the more one looks the more likely something will be found. More subtly, each time a pattern in the data is considered, a statistical test is effectively performed.".
- Post_hoc_analysis label "Post hoc analysis".
- Post_hoc_analysis differentFrom Testing_hypotheses_suggested_by_the_data.
- Post_hoc_analysis sameAs Q2105849.
- Post_hoc_analysis sameAs Post-hoc-Test.
- Post_hoc_analysis sameAs m.0c9fpf.
- Post_hoc_analysis sameAs Q2105849.
- Post_hoc_analysis wasDerivedFrom Post_hoc_analysis?oldid=704714669.
- Post_hoc_analysis isPrimaryTopicOf Post_hoc_analysis.