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- Parthian_Empire abstract "The Parthian Empire (/ˈpɑːrθiən/; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (/ˈɑːrsəsɪd/), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. Its latter name comes from Arsaces I of Parthia who, as leader of the Parni tribe, founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I of Parthia (r. c. 171–138 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to eastern Iran. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han Empire of China, became a center of trade and commerce.The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures. For about the first half of its existence, the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture, though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions. The Arsacid rulers were titled the \"King of Kings\", as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, satraps. The court did appoint a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq), although several other sites also served as capitals.The earliest enemies of the Parthians were the Seleucids in the west and the Scythians in the east. However, as Parthia expanded westward, they came into conflict with the Kingdom of Armenia, and eventually the late Roman Republic. Rome and Parthia competed with each other to establish the kings of Armenia as their subordinate clients. The Parthians soundly defeated Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, and in 40–39 BC, Parthian forces captured the whole of the Levant except Tyre from the Romans. However, Mark Antony led a counterattack against Parthia, although his successes were generally achieved in his absence, under the leadership of his lieutenant Ventidius. Also, various Roman emperors or their appointed generals invaded Mesopotamia in the course of the several Roman-Parthian Wars which ensued during the next few centuries. The Romans captured the cities of Seleucia and Ctesiphon on multiple occasions during these conflicts, but were never able to hold on to them.Frequent civil war between Parthian contenders to the throne proved more dangerous to the Empire's stability than foreign invasion, and Parthian power evaporated when Ardashir I, ruler of Estakhr in Fars, revolted against the Arsacids and killed their last ruler, Artabanus V, in 224 AD. Ardashir established the Sassanid Empire, which ruled Iran and much of the Near East until the Muslim conquests of the 7th century AD, although the Arsacid dynasty lived on through the Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia, the Arsacid dynasty of Iberia, and the Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania; all eponymous branches of the Parthian Arsacids.Native Parthian sources, written in Parthian, Greek and other languages, are scarce when compared to Sassanid and even earlier Achaemenid sources. Aside from scattered cuneiform tablets, fragmentary ostraca, rock inscriptions, drachma coins, and the chance survival of some parchment documents, much of Parthian history is only known through external sources. These include mainly Greek and Roman histories, but also Chinese histories, prompted by the market for Chinese goods in Parthia. Parthian artwork is viewed by historians as a valid source for understanding aspects of society and culture that are otherwise absent in textual sources.".
- Parthian_Empire capital Asaak.
- Parthian_Empire capital Ctesiphon.
- Parthian_Empire capital Ecbatana.
- Parthian_Empire capital Nisa,_Turkmenistan.
- Parthian_Empire capital Qumis,_Iran.
- Parthian_Empire capital Rey,_Iran.
- Parthian_Empire capital Susa.
- Parthian_Empire currency Greek_drachma.
- Parthian_Empire dissolutionYear "0224".
- Parthian_Empire foundingYear "-0247".
- Parthian_Empire governmentType Feudalism.
- Parthian_Empire thumbnail Vergina_Sun_-_Golden_Larnax.png?width=300.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink art_of_parthians.php.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink parthian_army.php.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink parthians.php.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink www.parthia.com.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageID "4501200".
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageLength "114115".
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageOutDegree "624".
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageRevisionID "705490024".
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Acre,_Israel.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Adiabene.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Adrian_David_Hugh_Bivar.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Afghanistan.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ahura_Mazda.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Akkadian_language.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Alans.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aleppo.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink An_Shigao.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Anahita.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek_architecture.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek_literature.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Macedonian_calendar.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Rome.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Andragoras_(Seleucid_satrap).
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Angra_Mainyu.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Anilai_and_Asinai.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antigonus_II_Mattathias.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antioch.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antiochus_III_the_Great.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antiochus_VII_Sidetes.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antiochus_X_Eusebes.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antonine_Plague.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Antonys_Parthian_War.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apamea_Ragiana.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apasiacae.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aphrodite.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apicius.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apollo.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apollodorus_of_Artemita.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Apollonius_of_Tyana.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Appian.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aquila_(Roman).
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arabian_Peninsula.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aramaic_alphabet.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aramaic_language.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arameans.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Archon.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ardashir_I.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arrian.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arsaces_II_of_Parthia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arsaces_I_of_Parthia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arsacid_dynasty_of_Caucasian_Albania.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artabanus_III_of_Parthia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artabanus_II_of_Parthia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artabanus_V_of_Parthia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artavasdes_II_of_Armenia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artavasdes_I_of_Armenia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artavasdes_I_of_Media_Atropatene.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artaxata.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artaxerxes_II_of_Persia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Artaxias_II.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Asaak.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Assyria_(Roman_province).
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Atropatene.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Augustus.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Augustus_of_Prima_Porta.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Aulus_Gabinius.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Auxilia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Avesta.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Avidius_Cassius.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Azerbaijan_(Iran).
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Babylonian_calendar.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Babylonian_religion.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Baghdad.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Baghdad_Battery.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ban_Biao.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ban_Chao.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ban_Gu.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Ban_Zhao.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Barrel_vault.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Barzapharnes.
- Parthian_Empire wikiPageWikiLink Bashlyk.