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- Papanicolaou_stain abstract "Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic staining cytological technique developed by George Papanikolaou, the father of cytopathology.Pap staining is used to differentiate cells in smear preparations of various bodily secretions; the specimens can be gynecological smears (Pap smears), sputum, brushings, washings, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, abdominal fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, seminal fluid, fine needle aspiration material, tumor touch samples, or other materials containing cells.Pap staining is a very reliable technique. As such, it is used for cervical cancer screening in gynecology. The entire procedure is known as Pap smear.The classic form of Pap stain involves five dyes in three solutions: A nuclear stain, haematoxylin, is used to stain cell nuclei. The unmordanted haematein may be responsible for the yellow color imparted to glycogen. First OG-6 counterstain (-6 denotes the used concentration of phosphotungstic acid; other variants are OG-5 and OG-8). Orange G is used. It stains keratin. Its original role was to stain the small cells of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma present in sputum. Second EA (Eosin Azure) counterstain, comprising three dyes; the number denotes the proportion of the dyes, e.g. EA-36, EA-50, EA-65. Eosin Y stains the superficial epithelial squamous cells, nucleoli, cilia, and red blood cells. Light Green SF yellowish stains the cytoplasm of other cells, including non-keratinized squamous cells. This dye is now quite expensive and difficult to obtain, therefore some manufacturers are switching to Fast Green FCF, however it produces visually different results and is not considered satisfactory by some. Bismarck brown Y stains nothing and in contemporary formulations it is often omitted.When performed properly, the stained specimen should display hues from the entire spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The chromatin patterns are well visible, the cells from borderline lesions are easier to interpret and the photomicrographs are better. The staining results in very transparent cells, so even thicker specimens with overlapping cells can be interpreted.On a well prepared specimen, the cell nuclei are crisp blue to black. Cells with high content of keratin are yellow, glycogen stains yellow as well. Superficial cells are orange to pink, and intermediate and parabasal cells are turquoise green to blue. Metaplastic cells often stain both green and pink at once.Pap stain is not fully standardized; it comes in several versions, subtly differing in the exact dyes used, their ratios, and timing of the process.The EA stain contains two mutually incompatible chemicals, Bismarck brown and phosphotungstic acid, which precipitate each other, impairing the useful life of the mixture and compromising the differential staining of eosin and light green. The descriptions of the compositions of the staining solutions vary by source and differ even in Papanicolaou's own publications. Mixtures of the same name from different vendors therefore can differ in composition, occasionally producing different or poor results.".
- Papanicolaou_stain thumbnail Low-grade_squamous_intraepithelial_lesion.jpg?width=300.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageID "3255137".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageLength "4797".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageOutDegree "51".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageRevisionID "612469422".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Bismarck_brown_Y.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Body_fluid.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Category:Staining.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cell_biology.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cell_nucleus.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cerebrospinal_fluid.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cervical_cancer.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Chromatin.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cilium.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Counterstain.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cyto-Stain.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cytopathology.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Cytoplasm.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Dye.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Eosin_Y.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Ethanol.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Fast_Green_FCF.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Fine-needle_aspiration.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Fixation_(histology).
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Formaldehyde.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Georgios_Papanikolaou.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Glycogen.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Gynaecology.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink H&E_stain.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Haematoxylin.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Keratin.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Lesion.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Light_Green_SF_yellowish.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Lymphoma.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Mordant.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Nucleolus.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Orange_G.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Pap_test.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Phosphotungstic_acid.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Pleural_cavity.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Precipitation_(chemistry).
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Red_blood_cell.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Screening_(medicine).
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Semen.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Sputum.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Squamous-cell_carcinoma.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Squamous_epithelial_cell.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Staining.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Synovial_fluid.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Urine.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink Wrights_stain.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLink File:Low-grade_squamous_intraepithelial_lesion.jpg.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLinkText "Papanicolaou stain".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageWikiLinkText "Papanicolaou technique".
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Human_papillomavirus.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Papanicolaou_stain wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Papanicolaou_stain subject Category:Staining.
- Papanicolaou_stain hypernym Technique.
- Papanicolaou_stain type TopicalConcept.
- Papanicolaou_stain type Polymer.
- Papanicolaou_stain comment "Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic staining cytological technique developed by George Papanikolaou, the father of cytopathology.Pap staining is used to differentiate cells in smear preparations of various bodily secretions; the specimens can be gynecological smears (Pap smears), sputum, brushings, washings, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, abdominal fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, seminal fluid, fine needle aspiration material, tumor touch samples, or other materials containing cells.Pap staining is a very reliable technique. ".
- Papanicolaou_stain label "Papanicolaou stain".
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs Q3123079.
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs Coloration_de_Papanicolaou.
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs パパニコロウ染色.
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs Coloração_de_Papanicolau.
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs m.091k61.
- Papanicolaou_stain sameAs Q3123079.
- Papanicolaou_stain wasDerivedFrom Papanicolaou_stain?oldid=612469422.
- Papanicolaou_stain depiction Low-grade_squamous_intraepithelial_lesion.jpg.
- Papanicolaou_stain isPrimaryTopicOf Papanicolaou_stain.