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- Outcrossing abstract "Outcrossing or outbreeding is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of an individual being subject to disease or reducing genetic abnormalities.It is used in line breeding, where animals carry a common ancestor in their pedigrees and are bred together, to restore vigor or size and fertility to a breeding line. It is a form of \"inbreeding\" which is the production of offspring by parents more closely related than the average.Outcrossing is now the norm of most purposeful animal breeding, contrary to what is commonly believed.The outcrossing breeder intends to remove the traits by using \"new blood\". With dominant traits, one can still see the expression of the traits and can remove those traits whether one outcrosses, line breeds or inbreds. With recessive traits, outcrossing allows for the recessive traits to migrate across a population. The outcrossing breeder then may have individuals that have many deleterious genes that may be expressed by subsequent inbreeding. There is now a gamut of deleterious genes within each individual in many dog breeds.Increasing the variation of genes or alleles within the gene pool may protect against extinction by stressors from the environment. For example, in this context, a recent veterinary medicine study tried to determine the genetic diversity within cat breeds.Outcrossing is believed to be the \"norm\" in the wild. Outcrossing in plants is usually enforced by self-incompatibility.Breeders inbreed within their genetic pool, attempting to maintain desirable traits and to cull those traits that are undesirable. When undesirable traits begin to appear, mates are selected to determine if a trait is recessive or dominant. Removal of the trait is accomplished by breeding two individuals known not to carry it.Gregor Mendel used outcrossing in his experiments with flowers. He then used the resulting offspring to chart inheritance patterns, using the crossing of siblings, and backcrossing to parents to determine how inheritance functioned.Charles Darwin, in his book “The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom,” came to clear and definite conclusions concerning the adaptive benefit of outcrossing. For example he stated (on page 462) that “the offspring from the union of two distinct individuals, especially if their progenitors have been subjected to very different conditions, have an immense advantage in height, weight, constitutional vigor and fertility over the self-fertilizing offspring from either one of the same parents.” He thought that this observation was amply sufficient to account for outcrossing sexual reproduction. The disadvantages of self-fertilized offspring (inbreeding depression) are now thought to be largely due to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive mutations; and the fitness advantages of outcrossed offspring are thought to be largely due to the heterozygous masking of such deleterious mutations.".
- Outcrossing wikiPageID "5902061".
- Outcrossing wikiPageLength "5201".
- Outcrossing wikiPageOutDegree "19".
- Outcrossing wikiPageRevisionID "702035215".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Allogamy.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Animal_husbandry.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Backcrossing.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dog_breeding.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Genetics.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plant_sexuality.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Consanguinity.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Culling.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Genetic_diversity.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Gregor_Mendel.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Heterosis.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Inbreeding.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Inbreeding_depression.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Miscegenation.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Outbreeding_depression.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLink Self-incompatibility_in_plants.
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "Outcrossing".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "line-bred".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "other individuals".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outbreeding".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outcross".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outcrossed".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outcrossers".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outcrosses".
- Outcrossing wikiPageWikiLinkText "outcrossing".
- Outcrossing wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Outcrossing wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Hatnote.
- Outcrossing wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Outcrossing subject Category:Dog_breeding.
- Outcrossing subject Category:Genetics.
- Outcrossing subject Category:Plant_sexuality.
- Outcrossing hypernym Practice.
- Outcrossing type Company.
- Outcrossing comment "Outcrossing or outbreeding is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of an individual being subject to disease or reducing genetic abnormalities.It is used in line breeding, where animals carry a common ancestor in their pedigrees and are bred together, to restore vigor or size and fertility to a breeding line.".
- Outcrossing label "Outcrossing".
- Outcrossing sameAs Q779009.
- Outcrossing sameAs Auskreuzung.
- Outcrossing sameAs Autbriiding.
- Outcrossing sameAs Croisement_(élevage).
- Outcrossing sameAs アウトブリード.
- Outcrossing sameAs m.09s30g.
- Outcrossing sameAs m.0fcpwr.
- Outcrossing sameAs Outcrossing.
- Outcrossing sameAs Q779009.
- Outcrossing wasDerivedFrom Outcrossing?oldid=702035215.
- Outcrossing isPrimaryTopicOf Outcrossing.