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- Oriental_Orthodoxy abstract "Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of churches in Eastern Christianity which recognize only the first three ecumenical councils – the First Council of Nicaea (AD 325), the First Council of Constantinople (AD 381), and the First Council of Ephesus (AD 431). This communion is composed of six autocephalous churches – the Coptic, Ethiopian, Eritrean, Syriac, Armenian and Indian (Malankara) churches. There are approximately 84 million adherents worldwide.These churches rejected the definitions of the Council of Chalcedon held in AD 451, and over the following century and a half they discontinued their communion with the churches that accepted the decisions made at Chalcedon, gradually developing separate institutions and a separate identity from the rest of Christianity. They did not participate in any of the later councils that are recognized as ecumenical by other Christian bodies. Hence, these Oriental Orthodox churches are also called Old Oriental churches, Miaphysite churches, or Non-Chalcedonian churches. These churches are in full communion with each other, but not with the Eastern Orthodox churches, which represent a different branch of Christianity despite the similar name. Slow dialogue towards restoring communion between the two Orthodox groups began in the mid-20th century.While being in communion with one another, the Oriental Orthodox churches are hierarchically independent, and they each have their own unique rites and practices, which show significant differences from one another. Some recognize the Coptic Pope of Alexandria as \"first among equals\" of the Oriental Orthodox bishops. Unlike the Roman Pope who, in the context of Catholicism, is supreme to all other bishops, the Coptic Pope is given the title only because he is leader of the Oriental Orthodox Council. He is called father, and the title Pope indicates affection and respect, but does not carry any special authority. It is also significant to note that Pope Dionysius of Rome called Heraclas of Alexandria \"pope\" in a letter written to Philemon. The leaders of the other five Oriental Orthodox churches also carry specific honorary titles (such as the Abuna of Ethiopia or the Catholicos of All Armenians).The Oriental Orthodox churches and the rest of the Christian Church split over differences in Christology. The First Council of Nicaea declared that Jesus Christ is God, that is to say, \"consubstantial\" with the Father; and the First Council of Ephesus declared that Jesus Christ, though divine as well as human, is only one being, or person (hypostasis). Thus, the Council of Ephesus explicitly rejected the Nestorian heresy, which held that Christ was two distinct beings, one divine (the Logos) and one human (Jesus), who happened to inhabit the same body. The churches that would later be called Oriental Orthodox were intensely anti-Nestorian, and therefore strongly supported the decisions made at Ephesus. Twenty years later, the Council of Chalcedon re-affirmed the view upheld at Ephesus (that Jesus Christ was a single person), but at the same time declared that this one person existed in two complete natures, one human and one divine. Those who opposed Chalcedon saw this as a concession to Nestorianism, or even as a conspiracy to convert the Church to Nestorianism by stealth. As a result, over the following decades, they gradually became separated from Chalcedonian Christianity, and formed the body that is today called Oriental Orthodoxy.Centuries later, Chalcedonian Christianity itself would split in two, giving rise to the bodies that are today known as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox maintain numerous theological and ecclesiological similarities with the Oriental Orthodox, but continue to disagree over the Chalcedonian definition.At times, Chalcedonian Christians have referred to the Oriental Orthodox churches as being Monophysite – that is to say, accusing them of following the teachings of Eutyches, who argued that Jesus Christ was not human at all, but only divine. Monophysitism was condemned as heretical alongside Nestorianism, and to accuse a church of being Monophysite is to accuse it of falling into the opposite extreme from Nestorianism. However, the Oriental Orthodox themselves reject this description as inaccurate, having officially condemned the teachings of both Nestorius and Eutyches.".
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageExternalLink www.scooch.org.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_(Copt).
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Abuna.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Amhara_Region.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Antelias.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Apollinaris_of_Laodicea.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Armenia.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Assyrian_Church_of_the_East.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Brahmavar_(Goan)_Orthodox_Church.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Christian_terminology.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Christianity_in_Africa.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Christianity_in_Europe.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Christianity_in_the_Middle_East.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Eastern_Christianity.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Non-Chalcedonianism.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Oriental_Orthodoxy.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Chalcedonian_Christianity.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Christendom.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Communion_(Christian).
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Constantinople.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Council_of_Chalcedon.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Council_of_Ephesus.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Cyril_of_Alexandria.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Dogma.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Dyophysite.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Ecumenical_council.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Eritrea.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Ethiopia.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Eutyches.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Eutychianism.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink First_Council_of_Constantinople.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink First_Council_of_Nicaea.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink French_Coptic_Orthodox_Church.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Greater_Iran.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Henotikon.
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- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Holy_See_of_Cilicia.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Hypostatic_union.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Ibas_of_Edessa.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Ignatius_Zakka_I_Iwas.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink India.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Iran.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Jesus.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Justin_I.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Justinian_I.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Kerala.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Lebanon.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Armenian_Catholicoi_of_Cilicia.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Christian_denominations.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Orthodox_churches.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Malankara_Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.
- Oriental_Orthodoxy wikiPageWikiLink Miaphysitism.