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- Omega_oxidation abstract "Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals. It is an alternative pathway to beta oxidation that, instead of involving the β carbon, involves the oxidation of the ω carbon (the carbon most distant from the carboxyl group of the fatty acid). The process is normally a minor catabolic pathway for medium-chain fatty acids (10-12 carbon atoms), but becomes more important when β oxidation is defective.In vertebrates, the enzymes for ω oxidation are located in the smooth ER of liver and kidney cells, instead of in the mitochondria as with β oxidation. The steps of the process are as follows:After these three steps, either end of the fatty acid can be attached to coenzyme A. The molecule can then enter the mitochondrion and undergo β oxidation. The final products after successive oxidations include succinic acid, which can enter the citric acid cycle, and adipic acid.The first step in ω-oxidation, i.e. addition of a hydroxy residue to the omega carbon of short, intermediate, and long chain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids, can serve to produce or inactivate signaling molecules. In humans, a subset of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) microsome-bound ω-hydroxylases metabolize arachidonic acid (also known as eicosatetraenoic acid) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetreaneoic acid (20-HETE). 20-HETE possesses a range of activities in animal and cellular model systems, e.g. it constricts blood vessels, alters the kidney's reabsorption of salt and water, and promotes the growth of cancer cells; genetic studies in humans suggest that 20-HETE contributes to hypertension, myocardial infarction, and brain stroke (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). Among the CYP450 superfamily, members of the CYP4A and CYP4F subfamilies viz., CYP4A11, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, are considered the predominant cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible in most tissues for forming 20-HETE. CYP2U1 and CYP4Z1 contribute to 20-HETE production in a more limited range of tissues. The cytochrome ω-oxidases including those belonging to the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families and CYPU21 also ω-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans. This hydroxylation-induced inactivation may underlie the proposed roles of the cytochromes in dampening inflammatory responses and the reported associations of certain CYP4F2 and CYP4F3 single nucleotide variants with human Krohn's disease and Coeliac disease, respectively.".
- Omega_oxidation thumbnail Omega-oxidation_1.svg?width=300.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageExternalLink omegaoxidationPathway.asp.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageID "4812837".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageLength "5631".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageOutDegree "57".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageRevisionID "689300557".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Adipic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol_dehydrogenase.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Aldehyde.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Aldehyde_dehydrogenase.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_oxidation.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Arachidonic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Beta_oxidation.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink CYP2U1.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink CYP4A11.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink CYP4F2.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink CYP4F3.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink CYP4Z1.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Carboxylic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Organic_redox_reactions.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Citric_acid_cycle.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Coeliac_disease.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Coenzyme_A.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Crohns_disease.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_P450.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Endoplasmic_reticulum.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Fatty_acid_metabolism.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Hydroxyl.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Hydroxylation.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Hypertension.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Kidney.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Leukotriene_B4.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Liver.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Microsome.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Mitochondrion.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Mixed-function_oxidase.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Myocardial_infarction.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Prostaglandin.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Redox.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Single-nucleotide_polymorphism.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Stroke.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Succinic_acid.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Ω_carbon.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink File:Omega-oxidation_1.svg.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink File:Omega-oxidation_2.svg.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink File:Omega-oxidation_3.svg.
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Omega oxidation".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageWikiLinkText "omega oxidation".
- Omega_oxidation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Omega_oxidation subject Category:Organic_redox_reactions.
- Omega_oxidation hypernym Process.
- Omega_oxidation type Election.
- Omega_oxidation type Reaction.
- Omega_oxidation comment "Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals. It is an alternative pathway to beta oxidation that, instead of involving the β carbon, involves the oxidation of the ω carbon (the carbon most distant from the carboxyl group of the fatty acid).".
- Omega_oxidation label "Omega oxidation".
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Q307864.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Omega-oxidace.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Ω-Oxidation.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Omega_oxidación.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Oméga-oxydation.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs m.0cpb63.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Омега-окисление.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Omega-oxidácia.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Oksidacija_omega.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Q307864.
- Omega_oxidation sameAs Ω-氧化.
- Omega_oxidation wasDerivedFrom Omega_oxidation?oldid=689300557.
- Omega_oxidation depiction Omega-oxidation_1.svg.
- Omega_oxidation isPrimaryTopicOf Omega_oxidation.