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- Offset_binary abstract "Offset binary, also referred to as excess-K, excess-N, excess code or biased representation, is a digital coding scheme where all-zero corresponds to the minimal negative value and all-one to the maximal positive value. There is no standard for offset binary, but most often the offset K for an n-bit binary word is K = 2n−1. This has the consequence that the \"zero\" value is represented by a 1 in the most significant bit and zero in all other bits, and in general the effect is conveniently the same as using two's complement except that the most significant bit is inverted. It also has the consequence that in a logical comparison operation, one gets the same result as with a two's complement numerical comparison operation, whereas, in two's complement notation a logical comparison will agree with two's complement numerical comparison operation if and only if the numbers being compared have the same sign. Otherwise the sense of the comparison will be inverted, with all negative values being taken as being larger than all positive values. One historically prominent example of offset-64 (excess-64) notation was in the floating point (exponential) notation in the IBM System/360 and System/370 generations of computers. The \"characteristic\" (exponent) took the form of a seven-bit excess-64 number (The high-order bit of the same byte contained the sign of the significand).The 8-bit exponent in Microsoft Binary Format, a floating point format used in various programming languages (in particular BASIC) in the 1970s and 1980s, was encoded using an offset-129 notation (excess-129).The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) uses various sizes of exponent, but also uses offset notation for the format of each precision. Unusually however, instead of using \"excess 2n−1\" it uses \"excess 2n−1 − 1\" (i.e. excess-15, excess-127, excess-1023, excess-16383) which means that inverting the leading (high-order) bit of the exponent will not convert the exponent to correct two's complement notation. Offset binary is often used in digital signal processing (DSP). Most analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) chips are unipolar, which means that they cannot handle bipolar signals (signals with both positive and negative values). A simple solution to this is to bias the analog signals with a DC offset equal to half of the A/D and D/A converter's range. The resulting digital data then ends up being in offset binary format.Most standard computer CPU chips cannot handle the offset binary format directly. CPU chips typically can only handle signed and unsigned integers, and floating point value formats. Offset binary values can be handled in several ways by these CPU chips. The data may just be treated as unsigned integers, requiring the programmer to deal with the zero offset in software. The data may also be converted to signed integer format (which the CPU can handle natively) by simply subtracting the zero offset. As a consequence of the commonest offset for an n-bit word being 2^(n-1), which implies that the first bit is inverted relative to two's complement, there is no need for a separate subtraction step, but one simply can invert the first bit. This sometimes is a useful simplification in hardware, and can be convenient in software as well.Table of offset binary for four bits, with two's complement for comparisonOffset binary may be converted into two's complement by inverting the most significant bit. For example, with 8-bit values, the offset binary value may be XORed with 0×80 in order to convert to two's complement. In specialised hardware it may be simpler to accept the bit as it stands, but to apply its value in inverted significance.".
- Offset_binary wikiPageID "21088783".
- Offset_binary wikiPageLength "6032".
- Offset_binary wikiPageOutDegree "18".
- Offset_binary wikiPageRevisionID "703817919".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Analog-to-digital_converter.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink BASIC.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Binary_number.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Bipolar_signal.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Category:Binary_arithmetic.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Category:Numeral_systems.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Digital-to-analog_converter.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Digital_signal_processing.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Excess-3.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Exponent_bias.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Floating_point.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink IEEE_floating_point.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Integer_overflow.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Microsoft_Binary_Format.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Signed_number_representations.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Significand.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLink Twos_complement.
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-1023".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-127".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-129".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-15".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-16383".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-64".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "Offset binary#Excess-weighted code".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "bias".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "offset binary".
- Offset_binary wikiPageWikiLinkText "offset-binary".
- Offset_binary wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Anchor.
- Offset_binary wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Offset_binary subject Category:Binary_arithmetic.
- Offset_binary subject Category:Numeral_systems.
- Offset_binary hypernym Scheme.
- Offset_binary type Organisation.
- Offset_binary type Encoding.
- Offset_binary comment "Offset binary, also referred to as excess-K, excess-N, excess code or biased representation, is a digital coding scheme where all-zero corresponds to the minimal negative value and all-one to the maximal positive value. There is no standard for offset binary, but most often the offset K for an n-bit binary word is K = 2n−1.".
- Offset_binary label "Offset binary".
- Offset_binary sameAs Q1385618.
- Offset_binary sameAs ضارب_تسلسلي.
- Offset_binary sameAs Exzesscode.
- Offset_binary sameAs Kod_z_przesunięciem.
- Offset_binary sameAs Offset_binário.
- Offset_binary sameAs m.05c1105.
- Offset_binary sameAs Q1385618.
- Offset_binary wasDerivedFrom Offset_binary?oldid=703817919.
- Offset_binary isPrimaryTopicOf Offset_binary.