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- North_African_Campaign abstract "During the Second World War, the North African Campaign took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch) and Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).The campaign was fought between the Allies and Axis powers, many of whom had colonial interests in Africa dating from the late 19th century. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German-occupied Europe. The United States entered the war in 1941 and began direct military assistance in North Africa on 11 May 1942.Fighting in North Africa started with the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940. On 14 June, the British Army's 11th Hussars (assisted by elements of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 1st RTR) crossed the border from Egypt into Libya and captured the Italian Fort Capuzzo. This was followed by an Italian counteroffensive into Egypt and the capture of Sidi Barrani in September 1940 and then in December 1940 by a Commonwealth counteroffensive, Operation Compass. During Operation Compass, the Italian 10th Army was destroyed and the German Afrika Korps—commanded by Erwin Rommel—was dispatched to North Africa—during Operation Sonnenblume—to reinforce Italian forces in order to prevent a complete Axis defeat.A see-saw series of battles for control of Libya and parts of Egypt followed, reaching a climax in the Second Battle of El Alamein when British Commonwealth forces under the command of Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery delivered a decisive defeat to the Axis forces and pushed them back to Tunisia. After the late 1942 Allied Operation Torch landings in North-West Africa, and subsequent battles against Vichy France forces (who then changed sides), the Allies finally encircled Axis forces in northern Tunisia and forced their surrender.Operation Torch in November 1942 was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to engage in the fight against Nazi Germany on a limited scale. In addition, as Josef Stalin had long been demanding a second front be opened to engage the Wehrmacht and relieve pressure on the Soviet armies, it provided some degree of relief for the Eastern front by diverting Axis forces to the African theatre, tying them up and destroying them there.Information gleaned via British Ultra code-breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of a German ally.".
- North_African_Campaign causalties "British".
- North_African_Campaign causalties "United States".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*:".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*:Algeria".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*:Italian Libya".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*:Morocco".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*:Tunisia".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*British Commonwealth".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*Czechoslovak Legions".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "*Poland".
- North_African_Campaign combatant "----".
- North_African_Campaign commander Albert_Kesselring.
- North_African_Campaign commander Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell.
- North_African_Campaign commander Bernard_Montgomery.
- North_African_Campaign commander Claude_Auchinleck.
- North_African_Campaign commander Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- North_African_Campaign commander Erwin_Rommel.
- North_African_Campaign commander Ettore_Bastico.
- North_African_Campaign commander France.
- North_African_Campaign commander François_Darlan.
- North_African_Campaign commander Free_France.
- North_African_Campaign commander George_S._Patton.
- North_African_Campaign commander Giovanni_Messe.
- North_African_Campaign commander Hans-Jürgen_von_Arnim.
- North_African_Campaign commander Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis.
- North_African_Campaign commander Italo_Balbo.
- North_African_Campaign commander Italo_Gariboldi.
- North_African_Campaign commander Kingdom_of_Italy.
- North_African_Campaign commander Nazi_Germany.
- North_African_Campaign commander Poland.
- North_African_Campaign commander Rodolfo_Graziani.
- North_African_Campaign commander Ugo_Cavallero.
- North_African_Campaign commander United_Kingdom.
- North_African_Campaign commander United_States.
- North_African_Campaign commander Władysław_Anders.
- North_African_Campaign date "1940-06-10".
- North_African_Campaign isPartOfMilitaryConflict Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II.
- North_African_Campaign place French_Algeria.
- North_African_Campaign place Italian_Libya.
- North_African_Campaign place Kingdom_of_Egypt.
- North_African_Campaign result "* Axis forces in North Africa retreat toItaly".
- North_African_Campaign result "* Commencement of theAllied invasion of SicilyandItaly".
- North_African_Campaign result "* Fall of theItalian Empire".
- North_African_Campaign result "Alliedvictory".
- North_African_Campaign thumbnail Crusadertankandgermantank.jpg?width=300.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink MoreContent?file=PRnafrica.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink north-african-campaign.html.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink launch_ani_north_africa_campaign.shtml.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink 2WWdesert.htm.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink northafrican_e.shtml.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink war-in-the-desert-index-1940.htm.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageExternalLink index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageID "493688".
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageLength "45811".
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageOutDegree "231".
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageRevisionID "707465963".
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 11th_Hussars.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 18th_Army_Group.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 1st_Armored_Division_(United_States).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 1st_Royal_Tank_Regiment.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 6th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 70th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 78th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink 9th_Division_(Australia).
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Afrika_Korps.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Kesselring.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Algeria.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Algiers.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Allied_invasion_of_Italy.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Allied_invasion_of_Sicily.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Allies_of_World_War_II.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Alphonse_Juin.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink An_Army_at_Dawn.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Armistice_of_22_June_1940.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Australian_Army.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Axis_powers.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Bardia.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Alam_el_Halfa.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Beda_Fomm.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Cape_Matapan.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_France.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gazala.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Kasserine_Pass.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Beda_Fomm.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Benito_Mussolini.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Bernard_Montgomery.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Bonner_Fellers.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink British_Army.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink British_Indian_Army.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Case_Anton.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Category:1940s_in_Africa.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Category:1940s_in_Egypt.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_and_operations_of_World_War_II_involving_Australia.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_and_operations_of_World_War_II_involving_France.
- North_African_Campaign wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_and_operations_of_World_War_II_involving_Germany.