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- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics abstract "In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.".
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics thumbnail M33_rotation_curve_HI.gif?width=300.
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- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink dark-matter-critics-focus-on-details-ignore-big-picture.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink 0908.3842.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink 1106.2476.
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- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink 0505266.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink mond.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink sad0802Milg6p.pdf.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink kroupa_cosmology.html.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink The_MOND_paradigm_of_modified_dynamics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink the-dark-matter-crisis.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink milgrom.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageExternalLink 070802_darkmatter.htm.
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- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageRevisionID "707323879".
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink AQUAL.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Acceleration.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Alternatives_to_general_relativity.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Andromeda_Galaxy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Anisotropy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Apsidal_precession.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Astronomer.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Binary_star.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Bullet_Cluster.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Carnegie_Institution_for_Science.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Category:Astronomical_hypotheses.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Category:Astrophysics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Category:Classical_mechanics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Category:Theories_of_gravitation.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Category:Unsolved_problems_in_physics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Circular_orbit.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Cold_dark_matter.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Coma_Cluster.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Conservation_law.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Cosmic_microwave_background.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Cosmological_constant.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Cosmology.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Curl_(mathematics).
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Dark_matter.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Dark_matter_halo.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Dielectric.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Dimensionless_physical_constant.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Dwarf_galaxy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetism.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_particle.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Elliptical_galaxy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Energy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Equivalence_principle.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Euler–Lagrange_equation.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Force.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Fritz_Zwicky.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Functional_(mathematics).
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Galaxy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Galaxy_cluster.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Galaxy_formation_and_evolution.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Galaxy_rotation_curve.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Globular_cluster.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Gravitational_lens.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Gravity.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Horace_W._Babcock.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Hubbles_law.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Jacob_Bekenstein.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink John_Moffat_(physicist).
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Ken_Freeman_(astronomer).
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Keplers_laws_of_planetary_motion.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink LISA_Pathfinder.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Lagrangian_mechanics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Lambda-CDM_model.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Light.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink List_of_astronomers.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Machs_principle.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Mass.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Metric_tensor_(general_relativity).
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Milky_Way.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Momentum.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Mordehai_Milgrom.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Newtons_law_of_universal_gravitation.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Newtons_laws_of_motion.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Nonlinear_system.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Open_cluster.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Pavel_Kroupa.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Physical_cosmology.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Physics.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Pioneer_anomaly.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Poissons_equation.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Scalar_field.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Solar_System.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Speed_of_light.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Spiral_galaxy.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Stacy_McGaugh.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Strongly_interacting_massive_particle.
- Modified_Newtonian_dynamics wikiPageWikiLink Structure_formation.