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• Mixed-member_proportional_representation abstract "Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, which has also been adopted by New Zealand, Lesotho, and Romania. MMP is a hybrid method that uses party list proportional representation (PR) as its proportional component, and currently (but not necessarily) first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) as its district component. It is considered a mixed system (also known as a hybrid system or a semi-proportional representation system), which is a distinct voting system. \"An electoral system is \"mixed\" if more than one formula is employed to distribute legislative seats.\" Mixed member proportional representation (MMP), is a hybrid, two-tier, system combining a non-proportional district election (currently but not necessarily on a single-winner basis) and a compensatory regional or national party list PR one. MMP is similar to forms of proportional representation in that the overall total of party members in the elected body is intended to mirror the overall proportion of votes received; it differs by including a set of members elected by geographic constituency who are deducted from the party totals so as to maintain overall proportionality. MMP is similar to the additional member system (AMS) used in some parts of the United Kingdom, which has no overhang seats or balance seats and consequently is not perfectly proportional. Voters either have two votes, one for their single-member district and one for the party list, with the party list vote determining the balance of the parties in the elected body, or alternatively, the balance of parties is determined by the votes in the single-member districts. Biproportional apportionment, first used in Zurich in 2006, is a hybrid method for adjusting an election's result to achieve overall proportionality.In Germany, where it is used on the federal level and on most state levels, MMP is known as personalized proportional representation (personalisiertes Verhältniswahlrecht). In Quebec, where an MMP model was studied in 2007, it is called the compensatory mixed-member voting system (système mixte avec compensation or SMAC).".
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• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageExternalLink www.aceproject.org.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageExternalLink es.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageExternalLink esy_de.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageExternalLink www.idea.int.
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• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink ACT_New_Zealand.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Additional_Member_System.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Albanian_parliamentary_election,_2005.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink All_Basotho_Convention.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Alternative_vote_Plus.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Baden-Württemberg.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Bavaria.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Biproportional_apportionment.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Bundestag.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mixed_electoral_systems.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Party-list_PR.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Proportional_representation_electoral_systems.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Citizens_Assembly_on_Electoral_Reform_(Ontario).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Closed_list.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Comparison_of_voting_systems.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink DHondt_method.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Electoral_district.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Electoral_system_of_Germany.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Epsom_(New_Zealand_electorate).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Federation.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink First-past-the-post_voting.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Forza_Italia.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Highest_averages_method.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Commons_of_Canada.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Freedoms.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Italian_general_election,_2001.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Jenkins_Commission_(UK).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Landtag.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Largest_remainder_method.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Law_Commission_of_Canada.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Legislative_Assembly_of_Prince_Edward_Island.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Legislator.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Lesotho.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Lesotho_Congress_for_Democracy.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Lesotho_Workers_Party.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Lesotho_general_election,_2007.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Lesotho_general_election,_2012.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Leveling_seat.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Majority_bonus_system.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Mangala_Samaraweera.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Minor_party.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Mixed-Member_Systems.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Māori_Party.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink National_Assembly_(Venezuela).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink National_Independent_Party.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_First.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_National_Party.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_general_election,_1996.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_general_election,_2005.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_general_election,_2008.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand_voting_system_referendum,_2011.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink North_Rhine-Westphalia.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Olive.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Ontario.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Ontario_electoral_reform_referendum,_2007.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Ontario_general_election,_2007.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Open_list.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Overhang_seat.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Parallel_voting.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Party-list_proportional_representation.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Plurality_(voting).
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Prince_Edward_Island_electoral_reform_referendum,_2005.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Proportional_representation.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Quebec.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Romania.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Romanian_legislative_election,_2008.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Romanian_legislative_election,_2012.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Romanian_legislative_election,_2016.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Royal_Commission_on_the_Electoral_System.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Sainte-Laguë_method.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Scorporo.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Sri_Lanka.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink States_of_Germany.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Tactical_voting.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Tom_Thabane.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Types_of_democracy.
• Mixed-member_proportional_representation wikiPageWikiLink Unicameralism.

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