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• Mexico_in_World_War_I abstract "Mexico was a neutral country in the Great War (World War I) that lasted from 1914 to 1918. The Great War broke out in Europe in August 1914 as the Mexican Revolution was in the midst of full-scale civil war between factions that had helped oust General Victoriano Huerta from the presidency earlier that year. The Constitutionalist Army of Venustiano Carranza under the generalship of Alvaro Obregón defeated the army of Pancho Villa in the Battle of Celaya in April 1915.Subsequently, the violence in Mexico was largely restricted to local fights, especially guerrilla fights in Morelos under the leadership of Emiliano Zapata. The partial peace allowed a new Mexican Constitution to be drafted in 1916 and proclaimed on February 5, 1917. Foreign oil companies felt threatened by the new constitution, which empowered the Mexican government to expropriate natural resources deemed vital to the nation. Mexico was in constant threat of being invaded by the U.S., which wanted to take control of Tehuantepec Isthmus and Tampico oil fields. Germany made several attempts to incite a war between Mexico and the U.S., seen especially in the Zimmermann Telegram affair in January 1917, where the aim was to draw the U.S. into conflict on its southern border rather than join Great Britain and France in the conflict against Germany and its allies.Mexican neutrality in the Great War reflected a hostility toward the U.S., due to several earlier U.S. interventions in Mexican internal affairs. In February 1913, Victoriano Huerta had conspired with the U.S. ambassador Henry Lane Wilson to oust Francisco I. Madero from the presidency of Mexico. The coup d'état was the culmination of violence in Mexico City, known as the Ten Tragic Days (La decena trágica), in the waning days of the William Howard Taft presidency. President Woodrow Wilson also ordered the invasion of Veracruz in 1914, resulting in the death of 170 Mexican soldiers and an unknown number of civilians.The relationship between Woodrow Wilson and Venustiano Carranza, whose political position had been aided by U.S. recognition in October 1915, allowing U.S. arms sales to Carranza's faction against its main rival General Pancho Villa, was initially cordial. Villa retaliated against the United States, attacking Columbus, New Mexico in 1916. Wilson sent U.S. Army General John J. Pershing into Mexico for punitive action to capture Villa. The Pancho Villa Expedition was a failure, since Villa eluded U.S. forces. Carranza, a strong nationalist, asserted Mexico's sovereignty and ordered the U.S. Army out.U.S. interests were threatened by the proclamation of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 and Mexico was in constant threat of being invaded by the U.S. These facts marked the participation of Mexico in the Great War. The Carranza government was de jure recognized by Germany at the beginning of 1917 and by the U.S. on August 31, 1917, the latter as a direct consequence of the Zimmermann telegram in an effort to ensure Mexican Neutrality in the Great War. After the United States occupation of Veracruz in 1914, Mexico would not participate with the U.S. in its military participation in the Great War, so ensuring Mexican neutrality was the best deal the U.S. could hope for. Carranza granted guarantees to German companies for keeping their operations open, specifically in Mexico City, but he was at the same time selling oil to the British fleet. In fact, 75 percent of the fuel used by the British fleet came from Mexico. Carranza rejected the proposal of a military alliance with Germany, made via the Zimmermann Telegram, and he was at the same time able to prevent a permanent military invasion from the U.S., which wanted to take control of Tehuantepec Isthmus and Tampico oil fields. Mexico was producing 55 million barrels of petroleum by 1917. Because 75 percent of the fuel used by the British fleet came from Mexico, Carranza gave the order to set fire to the oil fields in case of a U.S. invasion. Lester D. Langley wrote, \"Carranza may not have fulfilled the social goals of the revolution, but he kept the gringos out of Mexico City.\"↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 ↑ 5.0 5.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 12.0 12.1 ↑ ↑ ↑".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageID "24856342".
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• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageRevisionID "706239445".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Celaya.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Columbus_(1916).
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Category:1910s_in_Mexico.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Category:World_War_I_by_country.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Constitution_of_Mexico.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Constitutional_Army.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Coup_dxc3xa9tat.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Emiliano_Zapata.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Francisco_I._Madero.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Guerrilla_warfare.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Lane_Wilson.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink John_J._Pershing.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Mexican_Revolution.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Mexico.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Pancho_Villa.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Pancho_Villa_Expedition.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Ten_Tragic_Days.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Venustiano_Carranza.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Victoriano_Huerta.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink William_Howard_Taft.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Woodrow_Wilson.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink World_War_I.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Zimmermann_Telegram.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLink Álvaro_Obregón.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mexican Neutrality in World War I".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mexican neutrality in World War I".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mexico in World War I".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mexico neutral in World War I".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mexico".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sections.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I subject Category:1910s_in_Mexico.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I subject Category:World_War_I_by_country.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I hypernym Country.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I type MusicalArtist.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I type War.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I comment "Mexico was a neutral country in the Great War (World War I) that lasted from 1914 to 1918. The Great War broke out in Europe in August 1914 as the Mexican Revolution was in the midst of full-scale civil war between factions that had helped oust General Victoriano Huerta from the presidency earlier that year.".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I label "Mexico in World War I".
• Mexico_in_World_War_I sameAs Q16933508.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I sameAs m.09gfdfr.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I sameAs Q16933508.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I wasDerivedFrom Mexico_in_World_War_I?oldid=706239445.
• Mexico_in_World_War_I isPrimaryTopicOf Mexico_in_World_War_I.