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- Membrane_method abstract "The Membrane method or mixing by gas separation is a method of gas blending to produce nitrox, a breathing gas mostly used for scuba diving.Nitrox systems use semi-permeable membranes to separate out a portion of the nitrogen in air. Nitrox mixtures, containing between 24% and 40% oxygen (O2), are then delivered to a high-pressure compressor to fill scuba cylinders or storage tanks, or to a low-pressure compressor for pumping to surface-supply divers. Although this compressor is described as the “nitrox compressor”, it is also used for air.The membrane system requires a source of clean, pressurized, and heated air for separation. The two most common sources are an LP compressor (LP supply) or HP air storage tanks (HP supply). The air must be properly filtered to CGA Grade D or E air quality prior to entering the membrane system, so it will not damage or plug the membrane fibers.Standard systems are rated for maximum supply pressures of 250 psi (17 bar) for LP supply and 5000 psi (345 bar) for HP supply. An input pressure regulator reduces these pressures to acceptable levels for the membrane. The air is then heated to a temperature that provides stability over a wide range of ambient conditions and is optimal for membrane permeation.The heated air enters the membrane, which is made up of thousands of miniature hollow fibers. The walls of these fibers are semi-permeable and designed for different gases to move through them (or permeate) at different speeds. The resulting gas mixture is known as the permeate. As air flows through the hollow fibers, both oxygen and nitrogen permeate through the fiber walls. The oxygen permeates faster than the nitrogen, which produces permeate with an oxygen content greater than air. The gas that reaches the end of the hollow fibers without permeating is almost entirely nitrogen and is discharged. The resulting permeate contains approximately 44% O2 and is constant under all operating conditions.The permeate is a concentrated mixture that must be diluted with additional air prior to entering the nitrox compressor. It exits the membrane at ambient to slightly negative pressure and travels into the mixing tube, where it mixes homogeneously with filtered outside air. The amount of dilution, and thus the final percentage of O2, is obtained by adjusting the Input Pressure Regulator. As pressure is increased, permeate flow increases, air flow decreases, and a higher percentage of O2 nitrox is produced. As pressure is decreased, permeate flow decreases, air flow increases, and a lower percentage of O2 nitrox is produced. This relationship between permeate flow and air flow exists because the total of these two flow rates will always equal the intake flow rate demanded by the nitrox compressor. The resulting nitrox mixture is analyzed for its approximate percentage of O2 before entering the nitrox compressor and again prior to usage to determine the precise percentage of O2.".
- Membrane_method wikiPageExternalLink nitrox.
- Membrane_method wikiPageID "14352391".
- Membrane_method wikiPageLength "4194".
- Membrane_method wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- Membrane_method wikiPageRevisionID "692041071".
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Air_pollution.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Ambient_condition.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_of_Earth.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Bar_(unit).
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Breathing_gas.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink CGA_Grade_D.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink CGA_Grade_E.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Category:Breathing_gases.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Category:Membrane_technology.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Concentration.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Gas_blending.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Gas_compressor.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Homogenization_(chemistry).
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Nitrogen.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Nitrox.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Permeation.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Pounds_per_square_inch.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Pressure.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Pressure_regulator.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Scuba_diving.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Semipermeable_membrane.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Storage_tank.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Surface-supplied_diving.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLink Volumetric_flow_rate.
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLinkText "Membrane method".
- Membrane_method wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mixing by gas separation".
- Membrane_method wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unreferenced.
- Membrane_method subject Category:Breathing_gases.
- Membrane_method subject Category:Membrane_technology.
- Membrane_method hypernym Method.
- Membrane_method type Software.
- Membrane_method type Process.
- Membrane_method comment "The Membrane method or mixing by gas separation is a method of gas blending to produce nitrox, a breathing gas mostly used for scuba diving.Nitrox systems use semi-permeable membranes to separate out a portion of the nitrogen in air. Nitrox mixtures, containing between 24% and 40% oxygen (O2), are then delivered to a high-pressure compressor to fill scuba cylinders or storage tanks, or to a low-pressure compressor for pumping to surface-supply divers.".
- Membrane_method label "Membrane method".
- Membrane_method sameAs Q17103696.
- Membrane_method sameAs m.03d1d36.
- Membrane_method sameAs Q17103696.
- Membrane_method wasDerivedFrom Membrane_method?oldid=692041071.
- Membrane_method isPrimaryTopicOf Membrane_method.