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- Market_participant abstract "The term market participant is used in United States constitutional law to describe a U.S. State which is acting as a producer or supplier of a marketable good or service. When a state is acting in such a role, it may permissibly discriminate against non-residents. This principle was established by the United States Supreme Court in Reeves, Inc. v. Stake,447 U.S. 429 (1980), in which the Court upheld South Dakota's right to give South Dakota residents preferential treatment in the purchase of cement produced at a cement plant owned and operated by the state.“Nothing in the purposes animating the Commerce Clause prohibits a State, in the absence of congressional action, from participating in the market and exercising the right to favor its own citizens over others.” Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., 426 U.S. 794 (1976).In Reeves, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), the Court relied upon “the long recognized right of trader or manufacturer, engaged in an entirely private business, freely to exercise his own independent discretion as to parties with whom he will deal.”“There are some limits on a state or local government’s ability to impose restrictions that reach beyond the immediate parties with which the government transacts business.” White v. Massachusetts Council of Construction Employers, Inc., 460 U.S. 204 (1983).“The limit on the Market Participant Exception is that it allows a State to impose burdens on commerce within the market in which it is a participant but allows it to go no further. The State may not impose conditions, whether by statute, regulation, or contract, that have a substantial regulatory effect outside of that particular market.” South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke, 467 U.S. 82 (1984).“Downstream restrictions have a greater regulatory effect than do limitations on the immediate transaction. The State may not avail itself of the market-participant doctrine to immunize its downstream regulation of a market it is not actually a participant.” Id.The most ubiquitous example of a service offered by the individual states is the operation of public universities. Because the provision of higher education is deemed not to be a fundamental right, the individual states that have universities may charge higher tuition to out-of-state students.By contrast, discriminatory practices in the provision of essential public services, such as welfare, police protection, and primary education, would violate the Privileges and Immunities Clause, and discriminatory practices when the state is acting as regulator rather than market participant would violate the dormant commerce clause.".
- Market_participant wikiPageID "2136339".
- Market_participant wikiPageLength "3228".
- Market_participant wikiPageOutDegree "22".
- Market_participant wikiPageRevisionID "536262079".
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Case_citation.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_constitutional_law.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Cement.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Commerce_Clause.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Constitutional_law.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Dormant_Commerce_Clause.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Finance.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Fundamental_rights.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Hughes_v._Alexandria_Scrap_Corp..
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Police.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Primary_education.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Public_university.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Reeves,_Inc._v._Stake.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink South-Central_Timber_Development,_Inc._v._Wunnicke.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink South_Dakota.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink U.S._state.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink Welfare.
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLink White_v._Massachusetts_Council_of_Construction_Employers,_Inc..
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLinkText "Market participant".
- Market_participant wikiPageWikiLinkText "market participant".
- Market_participant auto "yes".
- Market_participant date "December 2009".
- Market_participant wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Market_participant wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Main.
- Market_participant wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:US-law-stub.
- Market_participant wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:US_Constitution.
- Market_participant wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unreferenced.
- Market_participant subject Category:United_States_constitutional_law.
- Market_participant comment "The term market participant is used in United States constitutional law to describe a U.S. State which is acting as a producer or supplier of a marketable good or service. When a state is acting in such a role, it may permissibly discriminate against non-residents. This principle was established by the United States Supreme Court in Reeves, Inc. v. Stake,447 U.S.".
- Market_participant label "Market participant".
- Market_participant sameAs Q6770826.
- Market_participant sameAs m.06pgqp.
- Market_participant sameAs Q6770826.
- Market_participant wasDerivedFrom Market_participant?oldid=536262079.
- Market_participant isPrimaryTopicOf Market_participant.